Análisis de la incidencia de lesiones y hábitos usados durante el calentamiento en el baloncesto femenino (Analysis of the incidence of injuries and routines used during warm-up in female basketball players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.74310Keywords:
prevención, femenino, baloncesto, lesión, calentamiento (prevention, female, basketball, injury, warm-up)Abstract
Objetivo: Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron conocer la frecuencia de lesiones en una temporada, analizar hábitos de calentamiento, identificar factores de riesgos intrínsecos y extrínsecos relacionados con lesiones y establecer relaciones entre las variables del cuestionario y las lesiones en jugadoras de baloncesto. Método: Setenta jugadoras (23±6 años) de baloncesto federadas participaron en este estudio descriptivo retrospectivo utilizando una adaptación de un cuestionario de lesiones deportivas autocompletado por las jugadoras, el cual contenía variables relacionadas con la aparición y prevención de lesiones en el baloncesto. Se realizó un análisis de frecuencias y porcentajes y tablas de contingencia mediante el test de Chi-Cuadrado. Resultados: Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre el número de sesiones y las jugadoras lesionadas (p <.05), así como la realización de la práctica en diferentes pavimentos a lo largo de la temporada (p <.05). Las jugadoras utilizaban una tipología de calentamiento tradicional, alejado de las recomendaciones actuales. La estructura anatómica más afectada fue el tobillo/pie seguido de la rodilla, siendo el esguince el tipo de lesión predominante. Conclusión: Aumentar el número de sesiones semanales está relacionado con un incremento del número de lesiones. Las lesiones de las articulaciones del tobillo/pie y la rodilla son las más frecuentes en este deporte. Realizar la práctica de baloncesto en distintas superficies a lo largo de la temporada podría incrementar el número de lesiones.
Abstract. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of injuries over a season, analyse warm-up routines, identify intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors related to injuries, and establish relationships between the variables of the questionnaire and injuries in female basketball players. Methods: Seventy female players (23±6 years) from federated basketball teams participated in this retrospective descriptive study, which used an adaptation of a sports injury questionnaire filled by the players and containing variables related to the occurrence and prevention of injuries in basketball. Analysis of frequencies and percentages and contingency tables was carried out using the Chi-Square test. Results: Significant relationships were found between number of sessions and injured players (p <.05), as well as the carrying out of practices on different surfaces throughout the season (p <.05). The players used a typology of traditional warm-up, far from the current recommendations. The most affected anatomical structure was the ankle/foot followed by the knee, sprain being the predominant type of injury. Conclusions: Increasing the number of weekly sessions is associated to an increase in the number of injuries. Injuries to ankle/foot and knee joints are the most common in this sport. Playing basketball on different surfaces throughout the season may increase the number of injuries.
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