Actividad física y niveles de burnout en alumnos de la E.S.O (Physical activity and levels of burnout in secondary students)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i29.39933Keywords:
adolescencia, burnout, engagement, actividad física, sedentarismo, salud (adolescence, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, health)Abstract
El presente trabajo pretende acotar las relaciones existentes entre la práctica de actividad física y la existencia de conductas desadaptativas en el entorno escolar durante la adolescencia. Las peculiaridades propias de este periodo unido a la aparición de nuevos hábitos vida, más cercanos al grupo de iguales, suponen la creación de nuevos patrones conductuales para el adolescente. Fuera del horario escolar, los reducidos niveles de práctica de actividad física, pueden generar consecuencias de tipo físico y psicosocial, y del mismo modo en el entorno escolar, y aunque la gran mayoría de los adolescentes supere de forma adaptativa las dificultades escolares, pueden aparecer fenómenos de fracaso escolar, absentismo y síntomas relacionados con conductas desadaptativas, como el burnout en el contexto escolar. Los resultados en una muestra de 680 sujetos con una edad media de 14.55 años, que cumplimentaron el Cuestionario MBI-SS y el Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, señalan que el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física 30 minutos diarios se relaciona positivamente con las dimensiones del burnout. Por ello, se sugiere incentivar estrategias que aumenten la correcta práctica de actividad física así como sistemas de control de procesos desadaptativos a nivel psicológico.
Abstract. The current study attempts to delimit the connection that exists between athletic practice and non-adaptive behaviours in a in a school environment environment during adolescence. The particularities of this age together with a new lifestyle, closer to a teen peer group, entail the creation of new behaviour models for the individual teenager. Outside of the academic schedule, a low level of physical activity can generate physical and psychosocial consequences, even also in the school environment. If the majority of students can overcome the academic difficulties, it is also possible to observe some cases of school difficulties, absenteeism, and non-adaptive behaviour symptoms, such as burnout. The results of a sample of 680 individuals, with an average age of 14.55 years old who completed the MBI-SS questionnaire and the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, indicate that the recommended compliance with 30 daily minutes of physical activity is closely related to burnout tendencies. Based on this data, we propose motivational strategies to implement the correct physical activity practices, such as systems to control non-adaptive processes at psychological levels.
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