Análisis antropométrico, fisiológico y temporal en jugadoras de pádel de elite (Anthropometric, physiological and temporal analysis in elite female paddle players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i25.34491Keywords:
composición corporal, somatotipo, lactato, frecuencia cardiaca, estructura temporalAbstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar en el pádel femenino de elite (PFE) las características antropométricas, la respuesta fisiológica y la estructura temporal producida durante una competición simulada (CS). Seis jugadoras con una experiencia mínima de 4 años en pruebas del circuito oficial fueron seleccionadas para participar en esta investigación. Se registraron diferentes medidas corporales para estudiar el perfil antropométrico: masa corporal, talla, 6 pliegues, 4 perímetros y 3 diámetros. Durante la CS fueron registradas las siguientes variables: i. Frecuencia cardíaca máxima (FCmáx), mínima (FCmín) y media (FCmed) de cada juego, set y total; ii. Niveles lácticos al terminar cada set, al finalizar el partido y en los minutos 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10 del periodo de recuperación; iii. Tiempo de juego total. Los valores antropométricos analizados reflejaron un somatotipo endo-mesomórfico (3.7-4.2-2.5). Los resultados fisiológicos obtenidos durante la CS fueron de 177±9.2 y 151±8.1 lpm para la FCmáx y FCmed respectivamente. Los niveles lácticos máximos alcanzados fueron de 2.4±.6 mmol.l. La duración media de los partidos fue de 56:11±00:38 m. La FCmáx fue de un 76.3% respecto a la máxima hallada en laboratorio. Los niveles de lactacidemia registrados situaron el esfuerzo en la vía metabólica aeróbica con cortos periodos entre el metabolismo aeróbico-anaeróbico. Conocer estos datos resulta de gran utilidad como método de control del rendimiento y de planificación del entrenamiento en el PFE.
Palabras clave: composición corporal, somatotipo, lactato, frecuencia cardiaca, estructura temporal.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze anthropometric characteristics, physiological response and structure temporal produced in elite female paddle players (EFPP) during a simulated competition (SC). Six EFPP, with four years minimum experience in official circuit competitions, were selected for this study. Different body measures were registered to obtain the anthropometric profile: body mass, height, 6 skinfolds, 4 girths and 3 breadths. During CS the following variables were recorded: i. Maximum heart rate (HRmax), minimum and medium heart reat (HRmin and HRmed) on each game, set and final match; ii. Blood lactate levels after each set and lactate levels in minutes 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 during recovery period; iii. Total playing time. Anthropometric values showed a mesoendomorfic somatotype (3.7-4.2-2.5). Physiological results showed that average achieved during SC was 177±9.2 and 151±8.1 bmp HRmax and HRmed, respectively. Maximum blood lactate levels showed by EFPP were 2.4±0.6 mMol.L-1. The mean match time was 56:11±00:38 m. Percentage of HRmax during simulated match was 76.3% of maximum value obtained during laboratory test. Blood lactate levels during SC showed that EFPP spent most of the time at aerobic intensities with brief periods at anaerobic intensities. Data obtained in this study provides useful information in EFPP training periodization and performance management.
Key words: body composition, somatotype, blood lactate, heart rate, temporal structure.
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