Lesiones en Trail Running, Cross-Country y Orientación: Una revisión sistemática (Trail Running, Cross-Country and Orienteering Injuries: A Systematic Review)

Autores/as

  • Felipe Augusto Reyes Oyola Universidad del Tolima
  • Sofía Gil Sánchez Universidad Pablo de Olavide https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2195-8514
  • Constanza Palomino Devia Universidad del Tolima
  • Fernando Otero Saborido Universidad Pablo de Olavide
  • José Antonio González Jurado Universidad Pablo de Olavide https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-6089

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.99532

Palabras clave:

Lesiones, corredores de trail, competición, prevalencia, incidencia

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las lesiones más frecuentes entre corredores de trail running, comparándolas con las lesiones en corredores de cross-country y orientación, analizando la prevalencia e incidencia de lesiones en ambos perfiles de deportistas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática considerando las bases de datos Web of Science, Medline, Scopus y Sport Discuss, siguiendo la declaración PRISMA y la estrategia PICOS. Se obtuvieron 3160 artículos; se seleccionaron 19. Se analizó el riesgo de sesgo mediante la escala de calidad JBI y la escala de evidencia científica CEBM. Los resultados revelan que los corredores de trail running informaron de un mayor porcentaje de lesiones en el tobillo (49,5%) en términos de la ubicación anatómica y tendinopatías (29,8%) en lo que respecta al diagnóstico. Por otro lado, los corredores de cross-country y orientación mostraron un mayor porcentaje de lesiones en la rodilla (14,6%) en cuanto a la ubicación anatómica, así como afecciones inflamatorias y dolor (20,2% en hombres y 33,6% en mujeres en cross-country; 75,41% en corredores de orientación) según el diagnóstico. En lo que respecta a la incidencia, en el trail running, las tasas oscilan entre 1,6 y 187,9 por cada 1000 horas de carrera, mientras que en el cross-country son más bajas, variando entre 3,96 y 17 por cada 1000 exposiciones.

Palabras clave: Lesiones, corredores, trail running, cross-country, orientación.

Abstract. The objective of the study was to identify the most frequent injuries among trail running runners, comparing them with injuries in cross-country and orienteering runners, analyzing the prevalence and incidence of injuries in both profiles of athletes. A systematic review was conducted considering Web of Science, Medline, Scopus and Sport Discuss databases, following the PRISMA statement and the PICOS strategy. A total of 3160 articles were obtained; 19 were selected. The risk of bias was analysed using the JBI quality scale and the CEBM scientific evidence scale. The results reveal that trail runners reported a higher percentage of ankle injuries (49.5%) in terms of anatomical location and tendinopathies (29.8%) in terms of diagnosis. On the other hand, cross-country and orienteering runners showed a higher percentage of knee injuries (14.6%) in terms of anatomical location, as well as inflammatory conditions and pain (20.2% in men and 33, 6% in women in cross-country; 75.41% in orienteering runners) according to the diagnosis. Regarding the incidence, in trail running, the rates oscillate between 1.6 and 187.9 per 1000 hours of running, while in cross-country they are lower, varying between 3.96 and 17 per every 1000 exposures.

Keywords: Injuries, runners, trail running, cross-country, orientation.

Biografía del autor/a

Felipe Augusto Reyes Oyola, Universidad del Tolima

Doctor en Investigación. Catedrático, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad del Tolima (Colombia)

Sofía Gil Sánchez, Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Máster en Rendimiento Físico y Deportivo

Constanza Palomino Devia, Universidad del Tolima

Doctora en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte. Profesora de planta, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad del Tolima (Colombia)

Fernando Otero Saborido, Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Profesor Titular de Universidad. Departamento Deporte e Informática. Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla.

José Antonio González Jurado, Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Catedrático de Universidad. Departamento Deporte e Informática. Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla.

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2024-03-01

Cómo citar

Reyes Oyola, F. A., Gil Sánchez, S., Palomino Devia, C., Otero Saborido, F., & González Jurado, J. A. (2024). Lesiones en Trail Running, Cross-Country y Orientación: Una revisión sistemática (Trail Running, Cross-Country and Orienteering Injuries: A Systematic Review). Retos, 52, 600–609. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.99532

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