Mejora del rendimiento posterior a la activación en ejercicios de dominadas con entrenamiento contra resistencia elástica en personal táctico (Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Pull-Up Exercise with Elastic Resistance Training in Tac-tical Personnel)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.98861Palabras clave:
rendimiento fisico, actividad condicional, calentamiento, muscle powerResumen
El Pull-up (PU) es un ejercicio de la parte superior del cuerpo de múltiples articulaciones que forma parte de las evaluaciones de aptitud física para ocupaciones tácticas (p. ej., policía, bomberos y personal militar). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la mejora del rendimiento posterior a la activación (PAPE) en el ejercicio PU utilizando entrenamiento de resistencia elástica (ERT) y entrenamiento de resistencia tradicional (RT). Un total de 18 bomberos varones entrenados en resistencia (28,3 [5,6] años; 178,1 [6,8] cm; 78,1 [8,2] kilogramos; 24,6 [2,4] kg·m-2) participaron en este estudio y realizaron cuatro protocolos PAPE de forma cruzada. Dos protocolos consistieron en tres series de 3 repeticiones al 75 y 85% de la repetición máxima (RM) en el jalón lateral (LPD-M y LPD-H, respectivamente). Los otros dos protocolos consistieron en tres series de 3 repeticiones sobre tracción vertical utilizando bandas elásticas (VTEB) en intensidad “moderada” (VTEB-M) y “dura” (VTEB-H), según la escala de esfuerzo percibido Thera Band. Se midieron repeticiones hasta el fallo en PU antes y después de la aplicación de los cuatro protocolos con una pausa de 8 minutos antes y después de la PAPE. Hubo un aumento significativo de repeticiones hasta el agotamiento después de todos los protocolos PAPE: LPD-M (P=0,007, d=0,19), LPD-H (P=0,023, d=0,17), VTEB-M (P=0,01, d=0,13) y VTEB-H (P=0,001, d=0,28). El uso de ERT y RT tradicional a intensidades moderadas y altas representan un estímulo adecuado para la generación de PAPE en la UP.
Palabras clave: rendimiento físico, actividad de acondicionamiento, ejercicio de calentamiento, potencia muscular
Abstract. The Pull-up (PU) is a multi-joint upper body exercise that is included in the physical fitness assessments for tactical occupations such as police, firefighters, and military personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in the PU exercise using elastic resistance training (ERT) and traditional resistance training (RT). A total of 18 resistance-trained male firefighters (28.3 [5.6] years; 178.1 [6.8] cm; 78.1 [8.2] kilograms; 24.6 [2.4] kg·m-2) participated in the study and performed four PAPE protocols in a cross-over fashion. Two protocols consisted of three sets of 3 repetitions at 75 and 85% of the maximum repetition (RM) in the lat pull down (LPD-M and LPD-H, respectively). The other two protocols consisted of three sets of 3 repetitions using elastic bands for vertical traction (VTEB) at “moderate” (VTEB- M) and “hard” intensity (VTEB-H), based on the Thera Band perceived exertion scale. Repetitions until failure in the PU exercise were measured before and after the application of the four protocols, with an 8-minute pause before and after the PAPE. Results showed a significant increase on repetitions until exhaustion after all PAPE protocols: LPD-M (P=0.007, d=0.19), LPD-H (P=0.023, d=0.17), VTEB-M (P=0.01, d=0.13) and VTEB-H (P=0.001, d=0.28). The use of ERT and traditional RT at moderate and high intensities represent a proper stimulus for the generation of PAPE in the PU.
Keywords: Physical performance, conditioning activity, warm-up exercise, muscle power
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