Rendimiento neuromuscular en niños tenistas de diferentes niveles de práctica: recreativos vs competitivos (Neuromuscular performance in pre-pubertal tennis players of different levels of practice: recreational vs. Competitive)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.97594Palabras clave:
Tenis, deporte infanto-juvenil, fuerza, velocidadResumen
El tenis es un deporte que depende del rendimiento neuromuscular para tener un mejor desempeño, independientemente del nivel de práctica. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la asociación entre variables antropométricas y rendimiento neuromuscular niños tenistas (n=36) pre-púberes, en un rango de edad de (10.15-12.77) años, además de compararlos según el nivel de práctica. Los participantes fueron divididos en dos grupos, el primero fue denominado “competitivos”, con ranking nacional (n=18) edad (11.66 ± .72) y el segundo denominado “recreativos” sin ranking nacional (n=18) edad (11.52 ± .82). Se realizó una antropometría básica incluyendo estatura, peso y masa grasa, además se ejecutaron pruebas de CMJ, lanzamientos de balón medicinal de 2kg con tres técnicas diferentes (derecha, revés y por encima de la cabeza), y velocidades de 10m y 20m. En la comparación de grupos se encontraron diferencias (p≤0.01) en la masa grasa, CMJ y la prueba de 20m, y (p≤0.05) en los lanzamientos de balón medicinal y 10m. La estatura y el CMJ se asociaron a las otras variables evaluadas y los jugadores de nivel competitivo tuvieron mejores atributos antropométricos y neuromusculares que sus contemporáneos de nivel recreativo, tal vez por adaptaciones en edades pre-púberas al tiempo dedicado a la práctica, y a la exigencia competitiva.
Palabras clave: Tenis, deporte infanto-juvenil, potencia, velocidad.
Abstract. Tennis is a sport that depends on neuromuscular performance during the game, regardless of the level of practice. This study aimed to describe the association between anthropometric and neuromuscular performance in pre-pubertal children tennis players (n=36) aged (10.15-12.77) years and compare them according to the level of practice. The participants were divided into two groups; the first was called "competitive," with a national ranking (n=18) aged (11.66 ± .72), and the second called "recreational" non-ranked in the national system (n=18) aged (11.52 ± .82). Basic anthropometry, including height, weight, and fat mass, was performed, as well as CMJ tests, 2kg medicine ball throws with three different techniques (forehand, backhand, and overhead), and 10m and 20m distance speeds. The comparison by groups t- student test found differences of (p≤0.01) in fat mass, CMJ, and the 20m test, and (p≤0.05) in the medicine ball throw and 10m. The height and CMJ variables were strongly associated with the other variables evaluated and competitive-level players had fitter anthropometric and neuromuscular attributes than their recreational-level contemporaries, perhaps due to adaptations in pre-pubertal ages to the time dedicated to the practice and the competitive demand.
Keywords: Tennis, youth sports, power, speed.
Citas
Bencke, J., Damsgaard, R., Saekmose, A., Jùrgensen, P., Jùrgensen, K., & Klausen, K. (2002). Anaerobic power and muscle strength characteristics of 11 years old elite and non-elite boys and girls from gymnastics , team handball , tennis and swimming. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Sicence in Sports, 12, 171–178. Recuperado de
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12135450/
Cohen, J. (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale: N.J. Lawrence Erlbaum Associ-ates, Publishers.
Colomar, J., Baiget, E., & Corbi, F. (2020). Influence of strength, power, and muscular stiffness on stroke velocity in junior tennis players. Frontiers in Physiology, 11(196), 1–9. Recuperado de https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.00196/full
Colomar, J., Corbi, F., & Baiget, E. (2021). Alterations in mechanical muscle characteristics and postural control induced by tennis match-play in young players. PeerJ, 9. Recuperado de
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11445
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., De Villarreal, E. S., Sanz-Rivas, D., & Moya, M. (2016). The effects of 8-week plyometric training on physical performance in young tennis players. Pediatric Exercise Science, 28(1), 77–86. Recuperado de https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/pes/28/1/article-p77.xml
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Granacher, U., Sanz-Rivas, D., Sarabia Marín, J. M., Hernandez-Davo, J. L., & Moya, M. (2018). Sequencing Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Physical Fitness in Youth Elite Tennis Players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 32(3), 849–856. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002319
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Pluim, B. M. (2006). Intensity of tennis match play. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 387–391. Recuperado de https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/40/5/387.long
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Sanz-Rivas, D., Sanchez-Muñoz, C., Pluim, B. M., Tiemessen, I., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2009). A comparison of the activity profile and physiological demands between advanced and recreational veteran tennis players. Journal Of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 604–610. Recuperado de https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2009/03000/A_Comparison_of_the_Activity_Profile_and.32.aspx
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Ulbricht, A., & Ferrauti, A. (2014). Fitness testing of tennis players: How valuable is it. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48, 22–31. Recuperado de https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/Suppl_1/i22.long
Gallo-Salazar, C., Del Coso, J., Sanz-Rivas, D., & Fernandez-Fernandez, J. (2019). Game Activity and Physiological Re-sponses of Young Tennis Players in a Competition With Two Consecutive Matches in a Day. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 14(7), 887–893. Recuperado de
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0234
Gil, S., Ruiz, F., Gil, J., & Irazusta, J. (2007). Selection of young soccer players in terms of anthropometric and physiological factors. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47(1), 25–32. Recuperado de
https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results
Girard, O. & Millet, G. P. (2009). Physical determinants of tennis performance in competitive teenage players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1867–1872. Recuperado de https://journals.lww.com/nscajscr/Fulltext/2009/09000/Physical_Determinants_of_Tennis_Performance_in.33.aspx
Gómez-Campos, R., Andruske, C. L., Arruda, M. de, Albornoz, C. U., & Cossio-Bolaños, M. (2017). Proposed equations and reference values for calculating bone health in children and adolescent based on age and sex. PLOS ONE, 12(7), e0181918. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0181918
Gomes, R. V., Cunha, V. C., Zourdos, M. C., Aoki, M. S., Moreira, A., Fernandez-Fernandez, J., & Capitani, C. D. (2016). Physiological Responses of Young Tennis Players to Training Drills and Simulated Match Play. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(3), 851–858. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000115
Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M. and Hanin, J. (2009) Progressive statistics for studies in sports medi-cine and exercise science. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 41(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
International Tennis Federation (ITF). ITF global tennis report 2021. London: ITF; 2021. http://itf.uberflip.com/i/1401406-itf-global-tennis-report-2021/7
Kovalchik, S. A., & Reid, M. (2017). Comparing Matchplay Characteristics and Physical Demands of Junior and Profes-sional Tennis Athletes in the Era of Big Data. Journal of sports science & medicine, 16(4), 489–497. Recuperado de
https://www.jssm.org/jssm-16-489.xml%3EFulltext
Kovacs, M. S. (2006). Applied physiology of tennis performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(5), 381–386. Recuperado de
https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/40/5/381.long
Kovacs, M. S. (2007). Tennis physiology: Training the competitive athlete. Sports Medicine, 37(3), 189–198. Recuperado de
https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200737030-00001
Kramer, T., Huijgen, B. C., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., & Visscher, C. (2016). A longitudinal study of physical fitness in Elite junior tennis players. Pediatric Exercise Science, 28(4), 553–564. Recuperado de https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/pes/28/4/article-p553.xml
Kramer, T., Huijgen, B. C., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., & Visscher, C. (2017). Prediction of Tennis Performance in Junior Elite Tennis Players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 16(1), 14–21. Recuperado de
https://www.jssm.org/jssm-16-14.xml%3EFulltext
Kramer, T., Valente-Dos-Santos, J., Visscher, C., Coelho-E-Silva, M., Huijgen, B., & Elferink-Gemser, M. T. (2021). Longitudinal development of 5m sprint performance in young female tennis players. Journal of sports sciences, 39(3), 296–303. Recuperado de
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1816313
Lambrich, J. & Muehlbauer, T. (2022). Physical fitness and stroke performance in healthy tennis players with different competition levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 17(6), 1-15. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269516
Leone, M., Comtois, A. S., Tremblay, F., & Leger, L. (2006). Specificity of running speed and agility in competitive junior tennis players. Journal of Medicine and Science in Tennis, 11(1), 10–11. Recuperado de https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results
Lohman, T. G., Roche, A. F., & Martorell, R. (1988). Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Human kinetics books.
Luna, P., Paredes, M., Vasquez, J., Matus, C., Flores, C., Zapata, R., & Vargas, R. (2022). Determinantes de la masa ósea en tenistas jóvenes chilenos. Revista Retos, 46, 1084-1092. Recuperado de
https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/93943/69784
Malina, R.M., Bouchard, C. and Bar-Or, O. (2004a) Growth, maturation, and physical activity. 2nd ed. Champaign, Illi-nois, Human Kinetics.
Marín, D. M., Toro Román, V., Pérez, F. J. G., Ibañez, J. C., Pay, A. S., & Alcaraz, B. J. S. (2021). Análisis antropomé-trico y de somatotipo en jugadores de pádel en función de su nivel de juego (Anthropometric and somatotype analysis between padel players according to their level of play). Retos, 41, 285–290. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.84155
Miller, S. (2006). Modern tennis rackets, balls, and surfaces. British journal of sports medicine, 40(5), 401–405.Recuperado de
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.023283
Munivrana, G., Filipčić, A., & Filipčić, T. (2015). Relationship of speed, agility, neuromuscular power, and selected anthropometrical variables and performance results of male and female junior tennis layers. Collegium Antropologicum, 39(1), 109–116. Recuperado de
https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results
Myburgh, G. K., Cumming, S. P., Silva, M. C., Cooke, K., & Malina, R. M. (2016). Maturity-Associated Variation in Functional Characteristics Of Elite Youth Tennis Players. Pediatric exercise science, 28(4), 542–552. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2016-0035
Pluim, B. M., Jansen, M. G. T., Williamson, S., Berry, C., Camporesi, S., Fagher, K., Heron, N., van Rensburg, D. C. J., Moreno-Pérez, V., Murray, A., O'Connor, S. R., de Oliveira, F. C. L., Reid, M., van Reijen, M., Saueressig, T., Schoonmade, L. J., Thornton, J. S., Webborn, N., & Ardern, C. L. (2023). Physical Demands of Tennis Across the Dif-ferent Court Surfaces, Performance Levels and Sexes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports medicine (Auck-land, N.Z.), 10.1007/s40279-022-01807-8. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01807-8
Roetert, E.P., Brown, S.W., Piorkowskil, P.A., & Woods, R.B. (1996). Fitness Comparisons Among Three Different Lev-els of Elite Tennis Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 10, 139–143. Recuperado de
Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez, B. J., Orozco Ballesta, V., Courel Ibáñez, J., & Sánchez Pay, A. (2018). Evaluación de la veloci-dad, agilidad y fuerza en jóvenes jugadores de pádel. Retos, 34, 263–266. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i34.60463
Sanz, D., Fernandez-Fernandez, J., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2012). Fundamentos del entrenamiento de la condición física para jugadores en formación. Tema de evaluación física en niños.
Slaughter, M., Lohman, T., Boileau, R., Horswill, C., Stillman, R., Van-Loan, M & Bemben, D. Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. (1998). Human Biology (pp. 709-722). Wayne State University. Recu-perado de https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results
Torres-Luque, G., Cabello-Manrique, D., Hernandez-Garcia, R., & Garatachea, N. (2011). An analysis of competition in young tennis players. European Journal of Sport Science, 11(1), 39–43. Recuperado de
https://www.ebsco.com/es/productos/bases-de-datos/sportdiscus
Ulbricht, A., Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Ferrauti, A. (2015). The Relative Age Effect and Physical Fitness Characteristics in German Male Tennis Players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 14(3), 634–642. Recuperado de
https://www.jssm.org/jssm-14-634.xml%3EFulltext
Ulbricht, A., Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Ferrauti, A. (2016). Impact of fitness characteristics on tennis performance in elite junior tennis players. Journal OfStrength and Conditioning Research, 30(4), 989–998. Recuperado de https://journals.lww.com/nscajscr/Fulltext/2016/04000/Impact_of_Fitness_Characteristics_on_Tennis.12.aspx
Vuong, J. L., Fett, J., Ulbricht, A., & Ferrauti, A. (2022). Physical determinants, intercorrelations, and relevance of move-ment speed components in elite junior tennis players. European journal of sport science, 1–11. Advance online publication. Recuperado de
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
