Situación físico-emocional de los hombres y las mujeres mayores durante la pandemia: influencia del falle-cimiento de personas próximas a ellos por covid-19 (The physical-emotional situation of older men and women during the pandemic: influence of death of people close to them by covid-19)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.93680Palabras clave:
personas mayores; covid-19; salud física; salud mental; fallecimiento; felicidad; estrés; calidad de vida.Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el estado físico-emocional de las personas mayores durante la pandemia, considerando las diferencias de género y la influencia de los fallecimientos de personas cercanas por covid-19. Para ello, se utilizaron diversas escalas de medición, como la escala de felicidad subjetiva (SHS), la escala de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (SF-12), la escala de estrés percibido (PSS), la escala de dolor (VAS) y la escala de gratitud (CG-6). La muestra consistió en 71 participantes de edades comprendidas entre los 55 y 75 años. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que los hombres presentaron niveles más altos de felicidad subjetiva, mejor salud mental, mayor calidad de vida y menor percepción de estrés y dolor en comparación con las mujeres. Sin embargo, al considerar la variable de fallecimiento por covid-19, se observaron diferencias significativas únicamente en la salud mental y la percepción de estrés entre hombres y mujeres en aquellos participantes que no habían experimentado pérdidas cercanas. En conclusión, este estudio reveló la existencia de diferencias en el estado físico-emocional entre hombres y mujeres durante la pandemia. Además, se encontró que la cercanía de los fallecimientos por covid-19 tuvo un impacto diferencial en la salud mental y la percepción de estrés según el sexo. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la comprensión de los efectos psicosociales de la pandemia en la población mayor y resaltan la importancia de considerar las diferencias de género en la salud física y emocional durante situaciones de crisis como la pandemia de covid-19.
Palabras clave: personas mayores; covid-19; salud física; salud mental; coronavirus; felicidad; estrés; calidad de vida.
Abstract. The present study aimed to evaluate the physical-emotional state of older adults during the pandemic, considering gender differences and the influence of COVID-19-related deaths of close individuals. Various measurement scales were utilized, including the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS), and the Gratitude Scale (CG-6). The sample consisted of 71 participants aged between 55 and 75 years. The results indicated that men exhibited higher levels of subjective happiness, better mental health, greater quality of life, and lower perceived stress and pain compared to women. However, when considering the variable of COVID-19-related deaths, significant differences were observed only in mental health and perceived stress between men and women among participants who had not experienced close losses. In conclusion, this study revealed differences in the physical-emotional state between men and women during the pandemic. Furthermore, it was found that the proximity of COVID-19-related deaths had a differential impact on mental health and perceived stress according to gender. These findings contribute to understanding the psychosocial effects of the pandemic on older adults and underscore the importance of considering gender differences in physical and emotional health during crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: older adult; covid-19; physical health; mental health; coronavirus; happiness; stress; quality of life.
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