Criterios para identificar y evaluar modelos de periodización de entrenamiento deportivo (Criteria for identifying and assessing sports training periodization models)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.90837

Palabras clave:

Entrenamiento deportivo; Periodización del entrenamiento deportivo; Planificación de entrenamiento deportivo; Modelos de periodización, (Sports Training; Sports training periodization; Sports training planning; Periodization models)

Resumen

 

 

Periodization is a methodological system that distributes training contents. With the evolution of sports, several periodization models were developed based on Matveev’s classic periodization, Verkhoshansky’s Blocks periodization model, Vorobiev’s Modular, Arosiev and Kalinin`s Pendular, Tschiene`s High Load, Valdivielso’s ATR, Platonov’s Multicyclical, and Bompa’s Priority, among others. The vast majority of models - and even their variations - have made it difficult to classify and select which periodization to use. To that end, the aim of the present study was to create criteria to identify sports training periodization models and, with the use of analysis and discussion of their characteristics, propose a classification and indicate the applicability of the most widely cited models in the literature. In the methodology of this study, a group technique known as direct discussion was used. The group consisted of 20 Master’s students, all researchers of the models proposed and sports training students at the Science of Human Motricity Course of Castelo Branco University, in addition to four discussion mediators. Despite a number of conceptual differences, the results show that most of the contemporary periodization training models derive from Matveev’s model, in an attempt to meet the demands currently imposed by sports. We analyzed the models investigated and concluded that despite their diversity, some characteristics are common and help distinguish each of them in terms of structure, load variation, number of peaks, sports level and applicability. 

Resumen. La periodización es un sistema metodológico que distribuye los contenidos formativos. Con la evolución de los deportes, se desarrollaron varios modelos de periodización basados ​​en la periodización clásica de Matveev, el modelo de periodización de Bloques de Verkhoshansky, Modular de Vorobiev, Pendular de Arosiev y Kalinin, Carga de alto de Tschiene, ATR de Valdivielso, Multicíclico de Platonov y Prioridad de Bompa, entre otros. La gran mayoría de modelos, e incluso sus variaciones, han dificultado la clasificación y selección de qué periodización utilizar. Para ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue generar criterios para identificar modelos de periodización del entrenamiento deportivo y, con el uso del análisis y discusión de sus características, proponer una clasificación e indicar la aplicabilidad de los modelos más citados en la literatura. En la metodología de este estudio se utilizó una técnica grupal conocida como discusión directa. El grupo estuvo integrado por 20 estudiantes de maestría, todos investigadores de los modelos propuestos y estudiantes de formación deportiva del Curso de Ciencia de la Motricidad Humana de la Universidad Castelo Branco, además de cuatro mediadores de discusión. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los modelos de entrenamiento de periodización contemporáneos derivan del modelo de Matveev, en un intento de satisfacer las demandas impuestas actualmente por los deportes. Analizamos los modelos investigados y concluimos que a pesar de su diversidad, algunas características son comunes y ayudan a distinguir cada uno de ellos en cuanto a estructura, variación de carga, número de picos, nivel deportivo y aplicabilidad.

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Publicado

2022-06-21

Cómo citar

Martin Dantas, E. H., Barrón, J. C., Celestino Bispo, M. D., Salum de Godoy, E., Aquino dos Santos, C. K., Dias Bello, M. de N., & Gastélum Cuadras, G. (2022). Criterios para identificar y evaluar modelos de periodización de entrenamiento deportivo (Criteria for identifying and assessing sports training periodization models). Retos, 45, 174–183. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.90837

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