Comportamientos de bullying en jóvenes deportistas (Bullying behaviours in young athletes)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.87189

Palabras clave:

acoso verbal, acoso físico, juego, prevención, intervención, entrenador, (verbal bullying, physical bullying, play, prevention, intervention, coach)

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue describir la naturaleza de las conductas de acoso de deportistas federados en la región de Trás-os-Montes y Alto Douro, Portugal. Se entrevistó a 13 deportistas federados, utilizando entrevistas parcialmente estructuradas. Los datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados sugieren que los comportamientos de intimidación ocurren en el deporte. Los encuestados caracterizan el concepto de bullying como conductas de mofa, violencia física y juego. Identificaron los tipos más comunes de bullying, el verbal y el físico. Los lugares más probables para que ocurran episodios de intimidación son los vestuarios, los entrenamientos y la práctica deportiva, por falta de vigilancia de los adultos y la agresividad entre compañeros. Los atletas consideran que el entrenador tiene un papel importante en la reducción de las conductas de acoso en el deporte. Los deportistas mencionaron que el acoso debe ser un tema crucial en las investigaciones científicas, así como en los programas de prevención e intervención en el contexto deportivo y escolar, con el propósito de sensibilizar a la sociedad sobre este tema.

Abstract. The aim of the paper was to describe the nature of bullying behaviours among federated sport athletes in the Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro region, Portugal. Thirteen federated sports athletes were interviewed, using semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using the content analysis technique. The results suggest that bullying behaviours occur in sport. The respondents characterized bullying as behaviours of mockery, play and physical violence. They also identified the most common types of bullying as verbal and physical. The most likely places for bullying episodes to occur are changing rooms, training and games, due to the lack of adult supervision and aggressiveness between peers. Athletes reported that the coach has an important role in reducing bullying behaviours in sport. The athletes mentioned that bullying should be the object of scientific investigation, as well as in prevention and intervention programs both in sport and school contexts, in order to increase awareness on this issue.

Biografía del autor/a

Philippe Marracho, Universidade Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro

Concluiu o(a) Mestrado em Mestrado em ensino de educação física nos ensino básico esecundário em 2013/10/07 pelo(a) Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro e Licenciatura em MotricidadeHumana- Educação Física e Desporto em 2011/07/27 pelo(a) Instituto Superior de Estudos Interculturais eTransdisciplinares de Mirandela. Frequenta o(a) Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto pelo(a) Universidadede Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Escola de Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente desde 2017.

Eduarda Maria Rocha Teles de Castro Coelho, Universidade Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro

Eduarda Maria Coelho é mestre e doutora em Ciências do Esporte e professora assistente do Departamento de Ciências do Esporte, Exercício e Saúde da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro ( UTAD ) - Portugal. É Vice-Diretora de Graduação em Ciências do Esporte e Membro do Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências do Esporte, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano (CIDESD-FCT). Sua área de pesquisa concentra-se em Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercício. Ela é treinadora de um atleta paraolímpico e membro da Assembléia Plenária do Comitê Paraolímpico Português .

Miguel Venda da Graça Nery, Universidade Europeia

Miguel Nery é psicólogo clínico, psicoterapeuta, investigador e professor de psicologia. As suas áreas de interesse são o desenvolvimento humano, psicopatologia, psicoterapia, avaliação psicológica, bullying, jogo, motricidade infantil e desporto. Doutorado em Motricidade Humana, na área científica de Psicologia e Comportamento Motor, é autor de Bullying in Youth Sports Training: New perspectives and practical strategies (com Carlos Neto, António Rosado e Peter K. Smith. Routledge, 2020). Tem vindo a desempenhar funções de Gestor de Projecto, nas áreas da prevenção e intervenção face à violência e discriminação no desporto. É membro da Sociedade Portuguesa de Psicologia Clínica, da Ordem dos Psicólogos Portugueses, da Sociedade Portuguesa de Psicologia do Desporto e da American Psychology Association. Desenvolve a sua atividade clínica em consultório privado. É Coordenador da Investigação da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde e Desporto da Universidade Europeia, e docente nas Licenciaturas em Psicologia e Ciências do Desporto e Actividade Física.

Antonino Manuel Almeida Pereira, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu

Título académico de agregação em Ciências do Desporto na Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto Doutorado em Ciências do Desporto - Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física - Universidade do Porto. Mestre em Formação de Jovens Atletas - Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa Licenciada em Educação Física (1989) - Instituto Superior de Educação Física - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.

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Publicado

2021-10-01

Cómo citar

Marracho, P., Coelho, E. M. R. T. de C., Nery, M. V. da G., & Pereira, A. M. A. (2021). Comportamientos de bullying en jóvenes deportistas (Bullying behaviours in young athletes). Retos, 42, 861–871. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.87189

Número

Vol. 42 (2021)

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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Derechos de autor 2021 Philippe Marracho, Eduarda Maria Rocha Teles de Castro Coelho, Miguel Venda da Graça Nery, Antonino Manuel Almeida Pereira

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