Diseño de un modelo de aprendizaje innovador para habilidades fundamentales de lanzar y atrapar utilizando el enfoque de juegos de enseñanza para la comprensión (tgfu) en educación primaria (Designing an innovative learning model for fundamental throwing and catching skills using the teaching games for understanding (tgfu) approach in elementary education)

Autores/as

  • Irwan Ritonga Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Gusril Gusril Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Yanuar Kiram Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Muhsana El Cintami Lanos Universitas PGRI Palembang
  • Rifqi Festiawan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0984-4341

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108823

Palabras clave:

Actividad física, Los juegos didácticos para la comprensión, Modelo de aprendizaje, Movimientos básicos, Lanzar, Atrapar

Resumen

La presente investigación se centra en mejorar las habilidades fundamentales de lanzamiento y recepción de los estudiantes de educación primaria mediante un modelo de aprendizaje innovador y efectivo, basado en el enfoque de Enseñanza de Juegos para la Comprensión (TGfU). Los métodos tradicionales de educación física a menudo no logran involucrar a los estudiantes, especialmente a aquellos con habilidades motoras subdesarrolladas, resultando en una menor participación en actividades físicas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar y validar un modelo de aprendizaje basado en TGfU específicamente para estudiantes de quinto grado, siguiendo el proceso de desarrollo de Borg y Gall, que incluye etapas iterativas de prueba y refinamiento. Los instrumentos utilizados para medir las habilidades de lanzamiento y recepción incluyeron evaluaciones de rendimiento y listas de verificación observacional. El estudio se realizó en tres etapas: prueba inicial con 20 estudiantes, prueba del producto principal con 100 estudiantes y prueba de efectividad con 36 estudiantes. La validación de contenido alcanzó el 91% y la validación por expertos en medios fue del 85%, con cuestionarios de practicidad e implicación estudiantil que puntuaron 92.5% y 95% respectivamente en pruebas a pequeña escala, y el interés en los medios alcanzó el 96% en pruebas a gran escala. La normalidad y homogeneidad de los datos fueron confirmadas mediante pruebas de normalidad (p > 0.05) y homogeneidad (p > 0.05), indicando que los datos estaban distribuidos normalmente y eran homogéneos. Los resultados de la prueba t pareada (sig. 0.000) demostraron una mejora significativa en las habilidades de lanzamiento y recepción de los estudiantes, confirmando la efectividad del modelo de aprendizaje desarrollado. Estos hallazgos validan el enfoque basado en TGfU como un método superior para involucrar a los estudiantes y mejorar sus habilidades motoras en la educación física.

Palabras clave: Actividad física, Los juegos didácticos para la comprensión, Modelo de aprendizaje, Movimientos básicos, Lanzar, Atrapar.

Abstract. This research focuses on enhancing elementary school students' fundamental throwing and catching skills through an engaging and effective learning model grounded in the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) approach. Traditional physical education methods often fail to engage students, particularly those with underdeveloped motor skills, resulting in lower participation in physical activities. This study aimed to design and validate a TGFU-based learning model specifically for fifth graders, following Borg and Gall's development process, which includes iterative testing and refinement stages. Instruments used to measure throwing and catching skills included performance assessments and observational checklists. The study involved three stages: initial testing with 20 students, main product testing with 100 students, and effectiveness testing with 36 students. Content validation reached 91%, and media expert validation was 85%, with practicality and student engagement questionnaires scoring 92.5% and 95%, respectively, in small-scale trials, and media interest reaching 96% in large-scale trials. Data normality and homogeneity were confirmed through normality (p > 0.05) and homogeneity tests (p > 0.05), indicating that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The paired t-test results (sig. 0.000) demonstrated a significant improvement in students' throwing and catching skills, confirming the effectiveness of the developed learning model. These findings validate the TGFU-based approach as a superior method for engaging students and enhancing their motor skills in physical education.

Keywords: Physical Activity, The Teaching Games for Understanding, Learning Model, Basic Movements, Throwing, Catching.

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Publicado

2024-12-01

Cómo citar

Ritonga, I., Gusril, G., Kiram, Y. ., Lanos, M. E. C. ., & Festiawan, R. . (2024). Diseño de un modelo de aprendizaje innovador para habilidades fundamentales de lanzar y atrapar utilizando el enfoque de juegos de enseñanza para la comprensión (tgfu) en educación primaria (Designing an innovative learning model for fundamental throwing and catching skills using the teaching games for understanding (tgfu) approach in elementary education). Retos, 61, 448–454. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108823

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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