El desarrollo de diversos campos de los deportes paralímpicos: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.108121Palabras clave:
Deportes paralímpicos, desarrollo deportivo, revisión sistemática, tecnología e innovaciónResumen
El objetivo de esta investigación es describir la evolución del apoyo financiero y la infraestructura para el deporte paralímpico, los desafíos y estrategias asociados con este deporte y los desarrollos tecnológicos e innovadores dentro del mismo. Este tipo de investigación cualitativa utiliza un método de revisión sistemática de la literatura. Los procedimientos de investigación implican los siguientes pasos: recopilación de preguntas de investigación, realización de búsquedas bibliográficas a través de la base de datos Scopus con la ayuda de la aplicación Publish or Perish y Mendeley Desktop con palabras clave booleanas, selección y codificación de artículos seleccionados, análisis y síntesis de artículos seleccionados, realización de control de calidad, es decir, artículos seleccionados y factibles, recopilación de discusiones, examen de la validez y confiabilidad de los datos, es decir, corrección de sesgo si se encuentran menos de 20 artículos, los datos se corregirán por sesgo. Los hallazgos de la revisión sistemática de la literatura indicaron que: (1) Apoyo financiero e infraestructura: estudios interesantes han encontrado que los atletas con discapacidades se han enfrentado a una infraestructura inadecuada para equilibrar el entrenamiento y el trabajo debido a salarios insuficientes y limitaciones en los aspectos de transporte; (2) Los desafíos y estrategias empleadas para abordar la complejidad de cuestiones como las limitaciones presupuestarias, la experiencia descentralizada y la vida personal. Los atletas deben ser capaces de comunicarse eficazmente, desarrollar planes detallados, crear planes de contingencia y gestionar expectativas específicas. También deben ser capaces de comprender los roles y límites específicos de sus entrenadores y colegas. Por último, deben ser capaces de confiar en sus entrenadores; (3) Tecnología e innovación: Un análisis cualitativo de los aspectos ergonómicos de una herramienta puede considerarse un factor que contribuye al éxito de las carreras en silla de ruedas, como lo demuestra el análisis del tipo de rueda, el diámetro de la llanta y el tamaño de la rueda. Los hallazgos de la investigación indicaron que el apoyo financiero y de infraestructura aumentó en línea con el desarrollo y el perfil del deporte, lo que a su vez condujo a un aumento en la financiación para los Juegos Paralímpicos. Además de eso, también se han empleado avances tecnológicos y enfoques innovadores para mejorar la ergonomía de una herramienta, desarrollar el concepto de eSalud para la recopilación de datos de informes de lesiones y realizar análisis de aptitud física que beneficien a los atletas con discapacidades.
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