El reinicio del juego como constreñimiento de la tarea para el desarrollo técnico y físico de los jóvenes jugadores de fútbol (Restarting the game as a task constraint for the technical and physical development of young football players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.105401Palabras clave:
pedagogía no lineal, entrenamiento, aprendizaje, fútbol, variabilidadResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar cómo influye en los parámetros técnicos y físicos la forma de reiniciar el juego en diferentes formatos de juegos reducidos en jugadores de fútbol masculino (n=20) de categoría cadete (15.3 ± 0.5 años) pertenecientes a la academia de un club profesional de la primera división de fútbol español 2022-2023. Se diseñaron dos juegos reducidos (2x2+2c y 4x4+2c) donde se utilizaba el constreñimiento de reinicio del juego por parte del entrenador y de saque de banda por parte de jugador. Se analizaron las variables físicas externas de distancia total, distancia a diferentes velocidades (7-13 km·h-1;13-18 km·h-1;18-21 km·h-1;21-24 km·h-1), velocidad máxima (<24km·h-1), medias (entre 2 y 3 m. s-2), altas aceleraciones/deceleraciones (> 3 m. s-2) y RPE y, las variables técnicas del pase y el control. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las variables físicas de baja intensidad y en las acciones técnicas de pase, cuando inicia la acción por el suelo, en el control cuando el balón no va por el suelo y se contacta con otras partes del cuerpo. Estos datos permiten, a través de este constreñimiento, generar una mayor variabilidad técnica a las tareas para que los entrenadores puedan generar escenarios de aprendizaje más próximos al juego.
Palabras clave: pedagogía no lineal, entrenamiento, aprendizaje, fútbol, variabilidad.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence on technical and physical parameters of the way of restarting the game in different formats of small sided games in male football players (n=20) of cadet category (15.3 ± 0.5 years) belonging to the academy of a professional club of the first division of Spanish football 2022-2023. Two small sided games (2x2+2c and 4x4+2c) were designed using the coach's restart constraint and the player's throw-in constraint. The external physical variables of total distance, distance at different speeds (7-13 km-h-1;13-18 km-h-1;18-21 km-h-1;21-24 km-h-1), maximum speed (<24km-h-1), average (between 2 and 3 m. s-2), high accelerations/decelerations (> 3 m. s-2) and RPE and, the technical variables of passing and control were analysed. The results showed significant differences in the low intensity physical variables and in the technical actions of passing, when initiating the action on the ground, in control when the ball does not go on the ground and contact is made with other parts of the body. These data allow, through this constraint, to generate a greater technical variability to the tasks so that coaches can generate learning scenarios closer to the game.
Keywords: non-linear pedagogy, training, learning, football, variability.
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