Caminando en sus zapatos: una evaluación ecológica momentánea de la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios entre adultos mayores urbanos y rurales (Walking in their shoes: an ecological momentary assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among urban and rural older adults)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.104781Palabras clave:
Movement behaviors, ageing, observational study, real-time data captureResumen
Este estudio examina los patrones de actividad física y comportamiento sedentario en individuos de 65 años o más en la región de Beira Baixa de Portugal con el objetivo de identificar diferencias entre entornos rurales y urbanos. Analizamos datos de 40 participantes, incluidos 19 residentes rurales (edad media = 74,7 años, DE = 8,5 años) y 21 residentes urbanos (edad media = 70,1 años, DE = 5,2 años), utilizando un diseño transversal retrospectivo complementado por una evaluación ecológica momentánea para capturar el comportamiento en tiempo real. El análisis temático reveló que ambos cohortes eran predominantemente sedentarios, especialmente en términos de consumo de televisión. Las actividades físicas se limitaban principalmente a tareas como el trabajo doméstico, la jardinería y caminatas ocasionales, con interacciones sociales mínimas. Los participantes urbanos, en particular, informaron reunirse más frecuentemente con la familia en casa y en el vecindario. Ambos grupos utilizaron principalmente espacios interiores y calles cercanas para la actividad física. Nuestros hallazgos resaltan la necesidad urgente de programas de actividad física personalizados para los fines de semana para mejorar los estilos de vida sedentarios entre los adultos mayores en áreas tanto rurales como urbanas. Este estudio contribuye a la literatura destacando las preferencias específicas de tiempo libre y patrones de actividad de los adultos mayores portugueses, proporcionando una base para el desarrollo de intervenciones adaptativas y apropiadas para la edad.
Palabras clave: comportamientos de movimiento, envejecimiento, estudio observacional, captura de datos en tiempo real
Abstract. This study examines patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in individuals aged 65 years and older in the Beira Baixa region of Portugal with the aim of identifying differences between rural and urban settings. We analyzed data from 40 participants, including 19 rural residents (mean age = 74.7 years, SD = 8.5 years) and 21 urban residents (mean age = 70.1 years, SD = 5.2 years), using a retrospective cross-sectional design complemented by an ecological momentary assessment to capture real-time behavior. The thematic analysis revealed that both cohorts were predominantly sedentary, especially in terms of television consumption. Physical activities were mainly limited to tasks such as housework, gardening and occasional walking, with minimal social interactions. Urban participants, in particular, reported meeting more frequently with family at home and in the neighborhood. Both groups primarily used indoor spaces and nearby streets for physical activity. Our findings highlight the urgent need for tailored weekend physical activity programs to improve sedentary lifestyles among older adults in both rural and urban areas. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the specific leisure-time preferences and activity patterns of older Portuguese adults, providing a basis for the development of adaptive, age-appropriate interventions.
Keywords: Movement behaviors, ageing, observational study, real-time data capture
Citas
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