Tanto el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad como el continuo de intensidad moderada disminuyen los niveles de fetuina-A en ratas macho alimentadas con dieta rica en grasas (Both High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Decrease Fetuin-A Levels in High Fat Diet Fed Male Rats)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104318Palabras clave:
entrenamiento a intervalos, entrenamiento continuo, obesidad, resistencia a la insulina, estilo de vida saludableResumen
Antecedentes: La fetuína-A es una hepatocina que aumenta en la obesidad, y una dieta rica en grasas (HFD) contribuye a esta condición. La obesidad se caracteriza por el aumento en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y se relaciona directamente con la resistencia a la insulina. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la diferencia entre la eficacia del entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) y del entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT) sobre la fetuína-A, la insulina, los niveles de glucosa en sangre en ayunas (FBG) y el IMC en ratas alimentadas con HFD. Métodos: Veinticuatro ratas Wistar macho se dividieron en cuatro grupos: CD (dieta estándar), HFD (sólo HFD), HFD-IT (HFD y HIIT) y HFD-CT (HFD y MICT). La HFD consistía en una dieta estándar con 2 ml/200 gramos de peso corporal adicionales de aceite de grasa de cerdo al día. En el grupo HFD-IT, se utilizó como ejercicio la natación con una carga del 9% del peso corporal, con períodos de descanso intermitentes y de corta duración, mientras que el grupo HFD-CT recibió una carga del 6% del peso corporal y natación continua. La natación se realizó cinco días a la semana durante cuatro semanas. Los niveles de fetuína-A e insulina se midieron mediante el método de ensayo inmuno-absorbente ligado a enzimas (ELISA), y los niveles de FBG se midieron con un glucómetro. Resultados: Los niveles de fetuína-A fueron significativamente inferiores en los grupos HFD-IT y HFD-CT en comparación con el grupo HFD (p<0,05). El grupo HFD-CT presentó un descenso significativo de los niveles de FBG (p<0,05), pero no así el grupo HFD-IT. No hubo diferencias en los niveles de IMC e insulina entre los grupos tras cuatro semanas de tratamiento (p>0,05). Conclusiones: El HIIT y el MICT tienen una eficacia similar en la reducción de los niveles de fetuína-A. Además, el MICT también consiguió reducir los niveles de FBG.
Palabras clave: entrenamiento a intervalos, entrenamiento continuo, dieta rica en grasas, fetuína-A, insulina, estilo de vida saludable.
Abstract. Background: Fetuin-A is a hepatokine that increases in obesity, and a high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to this condition. Obesity is characterized by increased body mass index (BMI) and is correlated to insulin resistance. This study aims to analyze the difference between High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) on fetuin-A, insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and BMI in HFD-fed rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: CD (standard diet), HFD (HFD only), HFD-IT (HFD and HIIT), and HFD-CT (HFD and MICT). HFD consisted of a standard diet with an additional 2 mL/200-gram body weight of lard oil daily. In the HFD-IT group, swimming was performed with a 9% body weight load with short duration and intermittent rest periods, while the HFD-CT group was given a 6% body weight load and continuous swimming. Swimming was conducted five days a week for four weeks. Fetuin-A and insulin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and FBG levels were measured using a glucometer. Results: Fetuin-A levels were significantly lower in the HFD-IT and HFD-CT groups compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). The HFD-CT group had a significant decrease in FBG levels (p<0.05), but the HFD-IT group did not. There were no differences in BMI and insulin levels between groups after four weeks of treatment (p>0.05). Conclusion: HIIT and MICT have similar effectiveness in reducing fetuin-A levels. In addition, MICT also managed to reduce FBG levels.
Keywords: interval training, continuous training, high-fat diet, fetuin-A, insulin, healthy lifestyle.
Citas
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