Alfabetización física y salud mental: asociaciones en alumnos de educación física de primaria y secundaria (Physical literacy and mental health: Associations in elementary and secondary physical education students)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.104142Palabras clave:
S-PPLI, SLSS, satisfacción vital, educación física, adolescentes, actividad física, salud mentalResumen
Resulta de elevado interés los factores que influyen en la salud, tanto física como mental, para conocer qué intervenciones son efectivas para mejorarla. Entre los jóvenes, la salud mental supone un problema superlativo en los tiempos actuales, por lo que identificar qué elementos pueden mejorarla es importante. La alfabetización física puede definirse como capacidad y la motivación para capitalizar nuestro potencial móvil para hacer una contribución significativa a la calidad de vida, incluyendo elementos como la expresión, el autoconcepto y el conocimiento sobre la importancia de la actividad física. El objetivo de este estudio es estudiar las correlaciones entre la alfabetización física y sus dimensiones y la satisfacción vital, según sexo y ubicación escolar en estudiantes de primaria y secundaria. Para ello, se aplicó Kolmogorov-Smirnov para identificar la normalidad de los datos; posteriormente, en el análisis de las correlaciones entre las dimensiones de la escala S-PPLI y de la SLSS, se aplicó la prueba de Rho de Spearman; y finalmente, la fiabilidad de las dos escalas se comprobó mediante el Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados muestran correlaciones significativas en todas las dimensiones y variables, de manera directa y con una magnitud media, independientemente del sexo de los estudiantes y de la ubicación de la escuela, revelando la alfabetización física como una herramienta para actuar sobre la salud mental de los estudiantes.
Palabras clave: S-PPLI; SLSS; satisfacción vital; educación física, adolescentes, actividad física, salud mental.
Abstract. The factors that influence health, both physical and mental, are of great interest to know what interventions are effective in improving health. Among young people, mental health is a superlative problem today; therefore, finding the elements that can improve it is important. Physical literacy can be defined as the ability and motivation to capitalize on our mobile potential to make a significant contribution to quality of life, including elements such as self-expression, self-concept, and knowledge about the importance of physical activity. This study aimed to examine the correlations between physical literacy and its dimensions and life satisfaction according to sex and school location among primary and secondary school students. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to find the normality of the data. Subsequently, Spearman’s rho test was applied to analyze the correlations between the dimensions of the S-PPLI scale and SLSS, and the reliability of the two scales was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. The results showed significant correlations in all dimensions and variables, in a direct manner and with a medium size, regardless of the students' sex and school location, revealing physical literacy as a tool to act on students' mental health.
Keywords: S-PPLI; SLSS; physical education; life satisfaction; adolescents, physical activity; mental health.
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