El suicidio en el Contexto del Deporte de Élite: una Síntesis Meta-etnográfica (Suicide in the Context of Elite Sport: a Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis)

a Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103459

Palabras clave:

Salud Mental; Deporte; Suicidio; Psicología Social del Deporte.

Resumen

El suicidio o sus intentos son un grave problema que han atraído la atención de distintas áreas del conocimiento vinculados al ámbito deportivo. Pero en la mayoría de las ocasiones los análisis son desde visiones psicopatológicas o en función de traumas físicos, sin comprender las particularidades de la salud mental. El artículo presenta una meta-etnografía donde se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura sobre investigaciones cualitativas del suicidio en deportistas desde 2012 hasta el 2022. Se obtuvieron ocho artículos que abordaban el tema desde diferentes deportes y niveles. Los temas que se abordan en los trabajos son diversos: la importancia de las relaciones saludables, la visibilidad de los problemas de salud mental, la normalización de la violencia por parte de entrenadores y la falta de apoyo emocional. Es fundamental que los/as deportistas cuenten con una red de apoyo (dentro de la cual se encuentren entrenadores/as, profesionales de la salud mental, etc.). Las cuestiones que han afectado a los/as deportistas identificados con ideación suicida incluyen la combinación prolongada de síntomas de conmoción cerebral, problemas académicos, prácticas violentas de entrenamiento normalizadas, elevadas exigencias, invisibilización del sufrimiento y la exposición a eventos traumáticos. Se requiere capacitación de profesores/entrenadores en salud mental, apoyo social durante la recuperación de lesiones, formación continua en salud mental, relaciones cercanas entre entrenadores/as y deportistas, implicación de especialistas en psiquiatría/psicología deportiva, apoyo del entorno y equilibrio entre rendimiento y desarrollo personal.

Palabras clave: Salud Mental; Deporte; Suicidio; Psicología Social del Deporte; Sociología del Deporte.

 

Abstract. Suicide or its attempts are a serious problem that has drawn the attention of different areas of knowledge related to the field of sports. However, in most cases, the analyses are based on psychopathological visions or physical trauma without understanding the particularities of mental health. The article presents a meta-ethnography review of the literature on qualitative research on suicide in athletes from 2012 to 2022. The topics addressed in the studies are diverse: the importance of healthy relationships, the visibility of mental health problems, the normalization of violence by coaches, and the lack of emotional support. It is essential for athletes to have a support network (including coaches, mental health professionals, etc.). The issues that have affected athletes identified with suicidal ideation include a prolonged combination of concussion symptoms, academic problems, normalized violent training practices, high demands, the invisibility of suffering, and exposure to traumatic events. It required training of teachers/coaches in mental health, social support during injury recovery, ongoing mental health education, close relationships between coaches and athletes, involvement of sports psychiatry/psychology specialists, support from the environment, and balance between performance and personal development.

Keywords: Mental health; Sport; Suicide; Social Sport Psychology; Sociology of Sport.

 

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Publicado

2024-03-12

Cómo citar

Aparecida de Oliveira Camilo, J. ., Correia Santana Almeida, J. . ., & Hamodi Galán, C. . (2024). El suicidio en el Contexto del Deporte de Élite: una Síntesis Meta-etnográfica (Suicide in the Context of Elite Sport: a Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis): a Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis. Retos, 54, 633–641. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103459

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Revisiones teóricas, sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis