Percepciones de los niños sobre contacto y bienestar subjetivo en cuidado residencial y en acogida familiar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2021.37.08Palavras-chave:
contacto, acolhimento familiar, acolhimento residencial, bem-estar subjetivo, visitasResumo
O contacto entre crianças em acolhimento familiar e residencial e as suas famílias de nascimento tem um impacto no desenvolvimento das crianças e na estabilidade da sua colocação. O contacto também é importante para as suas relações sociais e sentido de pertença e bem-estar. O objetivo deste estudo foi, do ponto de vista das crianças, descrever, analisar e comparar o contacto no acolhimento familiar e no acolhimento residencial em termos de frequência, localização da visita, sentimentos durante e após as visitas, dificuldades na visita, felicidade com sua colocação, a sua autoconfiança, a perceção futura sobre as suas vidas e a perceção do seu bem-estar subjetivo. Utilizamos uma amostra de 145 crianças em cuidados residenciais e todas as crianças em acolhimento familiar (39), com idades entre os 11 e os 15 anos, dos mesmos quatro distritos portugueses. Os resultados indicaram que as crianças em cuidados residenciais tiveram mais contacto e visitas com os pais do que crianças em acolhimento familiar, sendo as chamadas telefónicas a forma mais utilizada de contacto com as crianças. A maioria das crianças apresentou alegria ou satisfação durante as visitas dos pais e sentimentos mais difusos após a visita. Além disso, a maioria das crianças gostaria de ter mais visitas e apenas uma minoria apresenta algumas dificuldades com a sua realização. No entanto, as crianças em acolhimento familiar tinham mais autoconfiança, otimismo em relação ao seu futuro, felicidade em relação à sua colocação e maior bem-estar subjetivo do que as crianças em cuidados residenciais. Em resumo, parecia que o tipo de colocação para as crianças em risco seria mais importante para o seu futuro do que a existência de contacto com os pais.
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