Uma revisão sistemática da participação nos programas de prevenção familiar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2019.34.05Palavras-chave:
Participação, retenção, envolvimento dos pais, prevenção, programas familiaresResumo
Uma das principais razões para o insucesso das intervenções familiares relaciona-se com as dificuldades de envolvimento e retenção das famílias. As dificuldades de promover uma adequada participação e retenção dos participantes é um dos obstáculos mais poderosos e desafiadores à implementação e disseminação de intervenções familiares baseadas em evidências. Embora uma ampla gama de estratégias para envolver os pais em intervenções seja descrita na literatura, pouco se sabe sobre quais estratégias são mais eficazes para melhorar o envolvimento dos pais. Realizamos uma revisão sistemática sobre preditores da participação dos pais e estratégias que potenciam a participação nos programas parentais preventivos. Os principais critérios de inclusão foram: 1) estudos baseados em evidências com componente de intervenção familiar, revisões teóricas e empíricas da literatura e revisões sistemáticas; 2) artigos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol; 3) publicados entre 2000 a 2018. Trinta e nove artigos relataram uma variedade de preditores da participação da família e métodos eficazes para envolver as famílias em atividades preventivas. Quatro dimensões básicas emergiram: 1) preditores de participação; 2) características associadas ao programa; 3) obstáculos à participação; 4) estratégias para minimizar as barreiras à participação. Quatro grupos distintos de preditores de participação foram identificados: padrões de interação familiar; cognições e atribuições dos pais acerca dos problemas comportamentais do filho; variáveis psicológicas relacionadas com os pais; perceção dos pais a respeito da intervenção parental. A variedade de atributos de intervenção intrínsecos e extrínsecos foi associada ao envolvimento em programas familiares. Alguns obstáculos à participação incluíram vários problemas logísticos ou circunstâncias dentro do ambiente social da família. As estratégias para minimizar as barreiras à participação incluíram o uso de diferentes incentivos extrínsecos, o papel do formador e o ajuste das expectativas e motivações dos pais ao longo da intervenção.
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