Nuevas formas farmacéuticas para el tratamiento de enfermedades alérgicas
Palabras clave:
Inmunoterapia. Alergia. Nanopartículas. Micropartículas.Resumen
La inmunoterapia para el tratamiento de enfermedades alérgicas implica ciertas desventajas, que pueden ser reducidas si se emplean adyuvantes adecuados, que sean capaces de amplificar la respuesta inmune con un efecto alergénico mínimo. En ese contexto, las formas farmacéuticas más prometedoras para aumentar la eficacia y seguridad de la inmunoterapia, parecen ser las micro- y nanopartículas, de polímeros biodegradables y liposomas. En esta revisión describimos estudios previos de nuestro grupo en los que empleamos como adyuvante nanopartículas Gantrez® AN y demostramos su capacidad de estimular el sistema inmune. Empleamos dos tipos de nanopartículas, con y sin lipopolisacárido de Brucella ovis como inmunomodulador en un modelo de ratón alérgico a Phleum pratense. Encontramos que los ratones sensiblizados a Phleum cuando recibían inmunoterapia con nanopartículas Lolium–Gantrez® estaban protegidos de la anafilaxia inducida por el alérgeno tanto en las tasas de mortalidad como en los niveles de MCP-1. Probamos asimismo estas formulaciones por vía oral en un modelo animal sensiblizado a ovoalbúmina y comprobamos que les protegía también del shock anafiláctico.Descargas
Citas
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