Asociación entre factores de riesgo cardiovascular preexistentes y secuelas post-agudas de COVID-19 en adultos mayores

Autores/as

  • Guilherme José Silva Ribeiro Federal University of Viçosa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7360-1785
  • André de Araújo Pinto State University of Roraima. Health Sciences Center. Boa Vista. Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-3987
  • Gabriela Corrêa Souza Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. School of Medicine. Department of Nutrition and Graduate Program in Food https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-4334
  • Emilio Hideyuki Moriguchi Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. School of Medicine. Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences. Porto Alegre. Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1103

Palabras clave:

Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular, COVID-19, Secuelas Post Agudas de COVID-19, Adulto Mayor, Epidemiología

Resumen

Fundamento. Los desafíos de salud a largo plazo de la COVID-19, incluidos sus efectos post-agudos (PASC), están poco estudiados en relación a los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) preexistentes. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la asociación entre los FRCV preexistentes y el PASC en personas adultas mayores.

Material y métodos. Este estudio retrospectivo incluyó a personas brasileñas de 60 años o mayores. Se evaluó la persistencia de PASC tres meses después de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en 2020. Su relación con distintos FRCV como obesidad, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, hipercolesterolemia y enfermedad renal crónica, se ajustó por todas las variables sociodemográficas disponibles. Los datos se obtuvieron de un sistema de control interno del Departamento de Vigilancia Epidemiológica en Roraima, Brasil.

Resultados. El 61,7% (IC95%: 59,1-63,9) de las 1.322 personas estudiadas (55% mujeres y edad promedio 70,4 años, DE=7,87) presentó al menos un PASC tras tres meses de seguimiento. La probabilidad de PASC fue mayor en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus (OR=4,39; IC95%: 3,42-5,66), tabaquismo (OR=3,93; IC95%: 2,47-6,23), hipertensión (OR=3,62; IC95%: 2,73-4,78) o hipercolesterolemia (OR=3,58; IC95%: 2,80-4,59), La asociación fue menor con enfermedad renal crónica (OR=2.28; IC95%:1.59-3.25) y con obesidad (OR=1.83; IC95%: 1.28-2.61).

Conclusiones. Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular preexistentes en personas de 60 años o mayores se asocian con una mayor probabilidad de presentar COVID-19 de larga duración, tras ajustar por las variables sociodemográficas disponibles. La prevención y el manejo de estos factores de riesgo son esenciales para reducir los efectos a largo plazo de COVID-19, especialmente durante una pandemia.

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Biografía del autor/a

Guilherme José Silva Ribeiro , Federal University of Viçosa

Master's in Cardiology, PhD candidate in Nutritional Sciences. Department of Nutrition. Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil.

André de Araújo Pinto , State University of Roraima. Health Sciences Center. Boa Vista. Brazil

PhD, Associate Professor, State University of Roraima. Health Sciences Center. Boa Vista. Brazil

Gabriela Corrêa Souza , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. School of Medicine. Department of Nutrition and Graduate Program in Food

PhD, Associate Professor, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. Brazil 

Emilio Hideyuki Moriguchi , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. School of Medicine. Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences. Porto Alegre. Brazil

MD, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. Brazil 

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Publicado

2025-02-14

Cómo citar

1.
Ribeiro GJS, Pinto A de A, Souza GC, Moriguchi EH. Asociación entre factores de riesgo cardiovascular preexistentes y secuelas post-agudas de COVID-19 en adultos mayores. An Sist Sanit Navar [Internet]. 14 de febrero de 2025 [citado 28 de marzo de 2025];48(1):e1103. Disponible en: https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/ASSN/article/view/107965

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Vol. 48 Núm. 1 (2025): Vol. 48 Núm. 1 (2025)

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