Efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 sobre os aspectos psíquicos e comportamentais de atletas: uma revisão sistemática (Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the psychic and behavioral aspects of athletes: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94222Palavras-chave:
Covid-19, pandemia, atletas, mudanças de comportamento, comportamentoResumo
A Pandemia de Covid-19 fez com que diversas atividades esportivas de alto rendimento fossem suspensas em todo o mundo. Estima-se que a obstrução de treinos, competições e contratos de trabalho dos atletas tenham gerado incertezas e inseguranças quanto ao futuro de suas carreiras. O objetivo da presente revisão consiste então em analisar os efeitos da Pandemia sobre as dimensões psíquicas e comportamentais de esportistas de rendimento. As bases de dados utilizadas para a revisão foram PubMed, BVS, Scopus e Web of Science. Um total de 1.116 artigos foram encontrados, dentre os quais 33 foram selecionados segundo a abordagem PRISMA. A qualidade dos artigos foi obtida pela aplicação da escala CASP. Os seguintes resultados foram obtidos: 1) sintomas de ansiedade, depressão, medo, mau humor, insônia, desordens alimentares, falta de otimismo e desmotivação para treinar acometeram os atletas; 2) fatores demográficos, etários, de gênero, tempo de prática e condições alternativas de treino influenciaram os comportamentos e o conteúdo das emoções dos atletas durante a pandemia; 3)o suporte social, a resiliência e a inteligência emocional mostraram-se elementos de atenuação das emoções e comportamentos negativos. Conclui-se que pandemia da Covid-19 pode ser um preditor negativo nas reações comportamentais e psíquicas de atletas de alto rendimento e esses efeitos sofrem influência de fatores etários, de gênero, do tipo de modalidade e da qualidade dos programas alternativos de treino propostos.
Palavras-chave: Covid-19, pandemia, atletas, alterações emocionais, comportamento.
Abstract: The Covid-19 Pandemic has caused several high-performance sports activities to be suspended around the world. It is estimated that the obstruction of athletes' training, competitions and employment contracts have generated uncertainties and insecurities regarding the future of their careers. The objective of the present review is then to analyze the effects of the Pandemic on the psychic and behavioral dimensions of income athletes. The databases used for the review were PubMed, VHL, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 1,116 articles were found, of which 33 were selected using the PRISMA approach. The quality of the articles was obtained by applying the CASP scale. The following results were obtained: 1) symptoms of anxiety, depression, fear, bad mood, insomnia, eating disorders, lack of optimism and lack of motivation to train affected the athletes; 2) demographic, age, gender, practice time and alternative training conditions influenced athletes' behaviors and emotional content during the pandemic; 3) social support, resilience and emotional intelligence proved to be elements of attenuation of negative emotions and behaviors. It is concluded that the Covid-19 pandemic can be a negative predictor in the behavioral and psychic reactions of high performance athletes and these effects are influenced by age, gender, type of modality and the quality of the alternative training programs proposed.
Key words: Covid-19, pandemic, athletes, emotional changes, behavior.
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