Desenvolvimento e avaliação da criatividade motora no futebol: estado da arte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.90395Resumo
No futebol, a criatividade motora, tanto individualmente quanto em grupo, é necessária para ter um repertório diversificado de respostas ou ser imprevisível para os adversários. No entanto, essas respostas devem ser estáveis o suficiente para serem previsíveis para os membros da mesma equipe. O objetivo deste estudo foi mostrar o estado da arte na literatura científica em relação ao desenvolvimento e avaliação da criatividade motora no futebol, dando especial ênfase às pesquisas voltadas para uma visão complexa do comportamento motor. Três componentes têm sido tradicionalmente descritos para analisar a criatividade: fluência, flexibilidade e originalidade. A partir da compreensão da criatividade como um fenômeno complexo, são analisadas diferentes propostas metodológicas que vêm sendo investigadas na literatura científica, como o uso de Jogos Reduzidos ou Aprendizagem Diferencial. Existem dificuldades em mensurar a criatividade, no entanto, ferramentas foram elaboradas para avaliar subjetivamente comportamentos criativos a partir da observação de vídeos por especialistas por meio de rubricas e análise de vídeos. Da aplicação das ciências da complexidade à pesquisa esportiva, também tem sido medida pela aplicação de métodos matemáticos e/ou estatísticos como as diferentes medidas de entropia, a sobreposição dinâmica para medir a flexibilidade e fluidez do comportamento motor ou o PCA e o Coeficiente de Tucker, que pode ser usado para medir a originalidade. Este artigo destaca a importância da criatividade em contextos esportivos, especificamente na prática do futebol. Por fim, são apresentadas várias propostas futuras para a avaliação e desenvolvimento da criatividade no futebol.
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