A experiência das minorias sexuais no contexto desportivo espanhol: assumir-se como uma matrioshka

Autores

  • Victor Merino-Expósito Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i Educació. Barcelona, España; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca de l’Esport. Barcelona, España. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7983-9369
  • Miquel Torregrossa Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i Educació. Barcelona, España; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca de l’Esport. Barcelona, España. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1117-9977
  • Yago Ramis Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i Educació. Barcelona, España; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca de l’Esport. Barcelona, España. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-300X
  • Marta Borrueco Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i Educació. Barcelona, España; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca de l’Esport. Barcelona, España. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7537-5673

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108967

Palavras-chave:

ambientes sociais, Carreiras desportivas, discriminação, LGTBIQA, orientações sexuais, transições de vida

Resumo

Introdução: O grupo LGTBIQA+ sofre discriminação no contexto desportivo, o que faz com que se sintam inseguros para sair do armário. Neste estudo exploramos esta transição, centrando-nos nas minorias sexuais masculinas no contexto desportivo espanhol. Método: Realizámos entrevistas semiestruturadas a seis atletas pertencentes a minorias sexuais. Desenvolvemos uma análise temática na perspetiva do realismo crítico para explorar tanto as perceções subjetivas dos participantes como os fatores estruturais presentes nesta transição. Resultados: Os participantes expressaram diferentes fases do seu assumir-se. Em primeiro lugar, tinham consciência da sua orientação sexual desde cedo, antes da adolescência, acabando por se assumir. Posteriormente, saíram do armário no seu meio imediato durante a adolescência. O contexto desportivo foi sistematicamente o último ambiente onde partilharam a sua orientação sexual. No que diz respeito aos factores estruturais, propomos temas como: a consciência do estigma sexual, crenças e estereótipos sobre género e orientações sexuais e, especialmente no desporto masculino, o sistema de crenças heteronormativas e a masculinidade hegemónica. Discussão: A transição de saída pode ser vista como a imagem de uma matryoshka. Primeiramente forma-se a figura inicial, com a saída do armário consigo mesmo. A seguir, acrescentam-se matrioshkas que representam os ambientes em que os atletas tornam visível a sua orientação sexual, cuja ordem é dada pela percepção do estigma sexual e pela aceitação que esperam de cada um deles. A percepção do desporto como um ambiente hostil faz dele a mais recente matryoshka que os atletas acrescentam.

Palavras-chave: Carreira desportiva, discriminação, ambientes sociais, LGTBIQA+, orientações sexuais, transições de vida

 

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Publicado

2024-12-01

Como Citar

Merino-Expósito, V., Torregrossa, M., Ramis, Y., & Borrueco, M. (2024). A experiência das minorias sexuais no contexto desportivo espanhol: assumir-se como uma matrioshka. Retos, 61, 644–654. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108967

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

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