Análisis del apoyo comunitario a los juegos olímpicos de invierno en Alt Urgell: influencia de las variables sociodemográficas y deportivas (Community support for winter olympics in Alt Urgell: the impact of sociodemographic and sport-related variables)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109584Palabras clave:
Candidatura olímpica de invierno, grandes eventos deportivos, impacto social, impacto ambiental, impacto economico, participación deportivaResumen
Este estudio explora cómo los factores sociodemográficos y los relacionados con el deporte afectan al apoyo público a una candidatura olímpica de invierno en el Alt Urgell, Cataluña, España, centrándose en el papel de los mecanismos de democracia directa, como los referéndums participativos, en la formación de opiniones locales sobre la organización de grandes eventos deportivos. Se empleó un método mixto que incluía entrevistas web asistidas por ordenador (CAWI), entrevistas telefónicas asistidas por ordenador (CATI) y encuestas personales. Los datos de una muestra estratificada de 416 residentes mayores de 18 años se analizaron mediante Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, pruebas de razón de verosimilitud, Gamma y Tau-b de Kendall para examinar las asociaciones entre factores sociodemográficos, participación deportiva y apoyo a la candidatura. El análisis indica que el estado civil influye significativamente en el apoyo a la candidatura, mostrando mayor entusiasmo las personas con pareja e hijos. Una mayor participación deportiva y la práctica de deportes al aire libre se correlacionan con un menor interés en la participación de la comunidad en los Juegos Olímpicos, mientras que la creencia en la participación regional predice fuertemente las actitudes favorables. Otros factores, como la edad, el sexo, los años de residencia y la asistencia a acontecimientos deportivos no resultaron significativos. Esta investigación mejora la comprensión del compromiso público con los grandes acontecimientos deportivos al poner de relieve las complejas relaciones entre los factores sociodemográficos, la participación en los deportes y el apoyo a las candidaturas. Subraya la necesidad de que los responsables políticos aborden las preocupaciones medioambientales, económicas y sociales para obtener apoyo.
Palabras clave: grandes eventos deportivos, Candidatura olímpica de invierno, referéndum, impacto del evento.
Abstract. This study explores how sociodemographic and sport-related factors affect public support for a Winter Olympic bid in Alt Urgell, Catalonia, Spain, focusing on the role of direct democracy mechanisms, such as referendums, in shaping local opinions on hosting major sport-ing events . A mixed-methods approach was employed, including Computer-Assisted Web Interviews (CAWI), Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI), and face-to-face surveys. Data from a stratified sample of 416 residents aged 18 and older were analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square, Likelihood Ratio tests, Gamma, and Kendall's Tau-b to examine associations between sociodemographic factors, sports participation, and support for the bid. The analysis indicates that civil status significantly influences support for the bid, with people in relationships and with children showing greater enthusiasm. Higher sports participation and outdoor sports participation correlate with reduced interest in community involvement with the Olympics, while belief in regional involvement strongly predicts favorable attitudes. Other factors, such as age, gender, years of residency, and attendance at sports events, were not significant. This research enhances understanding of public engagement with major sporting events by highlighting the complex relationships between sociodemographic factors, sports involvement, and bid support. It emphasizes the need for policymakers to address environmental, economic, and social concerns to gain support.
Keywords: major sports events, Winter Olympic bid, referendum, event impact.
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