El efecto de la intensidad del uso de los medios sociales y la actividad física en la salud mental de los adolescentes (The effect of intensity of social media use and physical activity on adolescent mental health)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.109275Palabras clave:
intensidad de uso de los medios sociales, actividad física, salud mentalResumen
Los trastornos mentales son un reto emergente con el creciente uso de las plataformas de medios sociales. El elevado uso de los medios sociales y la reducida actividad física de los adolescentes pueden afectar a la salud mental. El objetivo del estudio era predecir el efecto de la intensidad del uso de los medios sociales y la actividad física en la salud mental de los adolescentes. Este estudio es cuantitativo, con un diseño ex post facto. Los sujetos fueron adolescentes de entre 16 y 19 años, en total 138. Se utilizaron los instrumentos de salud mental GHQ-12, intensidad de uso de medios sociales SONTUS y actividad física PAQ-A. La técnica de análisis utilizada fue la regresión con el programa Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versión 21. Resultados: (1) existe una influencia negativa entre la intensidad de uso de los medios sociales y la salud mental de los adolescentes (Beta -0,353, p-valor <0,05). (3) existe una influencia positiva entre la actividad física y la salud mental de los adolescentes (Beta 0,460, p-valor < 0,05). (3) La intensidad del uso de los medios sociales y la actividad física juntas influyen en un 53,40% en la salud mental de los adolescentes, el 46,60% restante está influido por otros factores. Los futuros investigadores deberán probar más variables para poder averiguar el alcance del nivel de salud mental, especialmente en esta era cada vez más avanzada. Se recomienda el uso de enfoques cualitativos como el análisis fenomenológico y la teoría fundamentada en futuras investigaciones para explicar mejor la dinámica de la relación entre variables. Se espera que los profesores y los padres realicen evaluaciones periódicas sobre el uso de los medios sociales durante el horario escolar y en casa, y que evalúen los conocimientos sobre los beneficios y los perjuicios del uso excesivo de los medios sociales.
Palabras clave: intensidad de uso de los medios sociales, actividad física, salud mental.
Abstract. Mental health disorders are an emerging challenge with the increasing use of social media platforms. The high use of social media and reduced physical activity of adolescents can affect mental health. The aim of the study was to predict the effect of intensity of social media use and physical activity on adolescents' mental health. This study is quantitative, with an ex post facto design. Subjects were adolescents aged 16-19 years totalling 138. Mental health instruments used GHQ-12, intensity of social media use was SONTUS, and physical activity was PAQ-A. The analysis technique used regression with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 software. Results: (1) there is a negative influence between the intensity of social media use and adolescent mental health (Beta -0.353, p-value <0.05). (3) there is a positive influence between physical activity and adolescent mental health (Beta 0.460, p-value < 0.05). (3) the intensity of social media use and physical activity together provide 53.40% influence on adolescent mental health, the remaining 46.60% is influenced by other factors. For future researchers to test more variables so that they can find out the extent of the level of mental health, especially in this increasingly advanced era. The use of qualitative approaches such as phenomenological analysis and grounded theory is recommended for future research to further explain the dynamics of the relationship between variables. Teachers and parents are expected to conduct regular evaluations regarding the use of social media during school hours and at home, and evaluate knowledge about the benefits and harms of excessive social media use.
Keywords: social media use intensity, physical activity, mental health
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