Diseño y validación de un cuestionario de conocimientos, actitudes, y prácticas (CAP) relacionados con los juegos infantiles tradicionales en escolares colombianos (Design and validation of a questionnaire of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to traditional children's games in Colombian schoolchildren)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.106975Palabras clave:
estudios de validación, conocimientos, actitudes, practicas, juegos infantiles tradicionales, encuestas y cuestionariosResumen
Introducción: Los juegos infantiles tradicionales se constituyen en una estrategia esencial para promover la actividad física, y la motricidad dentro de las clases de educación física, se requieren instrumentos prácticos para indagar sobre los conocimientos, las actitudes y prácticas de los escolares para su implementación.Objetivo: diseñar, y validar un cuestionario sobre los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionadas con el uso de los juegos infantiles tradicionales entre escolares de 7 a 12 años. Métodos: Estudio transversal de validación. El cuestionario fue ajustado y validado por consenso mediante metodología Delphi, luego de tres rondas. 17 expertos evaluaron cada ítem en términos de suficiencia, importancia, coherencia, relevancia y claridad. La validez de contenido se determinó con el coeficiente V de Aiken, y el coeficiente de concordancia de Kendall. Se estimó, el α-Cronbach y de ω-McDonald's. Con base en la estructura del cuestionario se acudió a un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para comprobar los índices de validez de constructo. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron un índice alto de validez con una V de Aiken de 0,91. El valor del coeficiente de Kendall fue de W = 0,102 a un nivel de significación de p < 0,001 (X2 162, 685; gl 94). El instrumento expuso un α-Cronbach´s de 0,829, y un ω-McDonald's 0,840. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio sugieren eliminar algunos ítems y equilibrar el número de ítems en cada componente. Conclusiones: El instrumento mostró propiedades psicométricas de validez y fiabilidad suficientes y consistentes. El instrumento es válido para evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los escolares, se espera que este instrumento brinde información previa para la implementación de los juegos infantiles tradicionales dentro de las clases de educación física.
Palabras clave: estudios de validación, Encuestas CAP, juegos tradicionales, confiabilidad y validez, educación física.
Abstract. Introduction: Traditional children's games constitute an essential strategy to promote physical activity, and motor skills within physical education classes, practical instruments are required to inquire about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of schoolchildren for their implementation.Objective: to design and validate a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to the use of traditional children's games among schoolchildren aged 7 to 12 years. Methods: Cross-sectional validation study. The questionnaire was adjusted and validated by consensus through Delphi methodology, after three rounds. Seventeen experts evaluated each item in terms of sufficiency, importance, coherence, relevance, and clarity. Content validity was determined with Aiken's V coefficient and Kendall's concordance coefficient. The α-Cronbach's and ω-McDonald's coefficients were estimated. Based on the structure of the questionnaire, an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to check the construct validity indexes. Results: The results showed a high validity index with an Aiken's V of 0.91. Kendall's coefficient value was W = 0.102 at a significance level of p < 0.001 (X2 162, 685; gl 94). The instrument exhibited an α-Cronbach's of 0.829, and an ω-McDonald's 0.840. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis suggest eliminating items and balancing the number of items in each component. Conclusions: The instrument showed sufficient and consistent psychometric properties of validity and reliability. The instrument is valid for assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of schoolchildren, and it is expected that this instrument will provide prior information for the implementation of traditional children's games in physical education classes.
Keywords: validation studies, CAP surveys, traditional games, reliability and validity, physical education.
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