Análisis de las características de las lesiones en deportistas juveniles de fútbol de élite en Indonesia (Analysis of injury characteristics in youth elite football athletes in Indonesia)

Autores/as

  • Benidektus Adi Prianto Bintang Physio Clinic & Persib Bandung https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2200-8428
  • Tommy Apriantono Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
  • Hamidie Ronald Daniel Ray Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Education University, Indonesia & Profesor Collaborator, Kanazawa University Japan
  • Nur Luthfiatus Solikah Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1369-9976

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103485

Palabras clave:

lesiones deportivas, incidencia de lesiones, atletas de fútbol juvenil, Osgood sclatter

Resumen

Antecedentes: El fútbol es el deporte más popular a nivel mundial, con aproximadamente 200.000 jugadores profesionales y 240 millones de jugadores aficionados. Es un deporte intermitente de alta intensidad que puede provocar fatiga, aumentando el riesgo de lesiones. Desafortunadamente, las lesiones en los atletas jóvenes aún no se han estudiado ampliamente, por lo que no hay muchos datos disponibles. Este estudio intenta llenar este vacío investigando las características de las lesiones en jóvenes deportistas de fútbol en Indonesia. Además, se intenta determinar la relación entre el IMC, el tiempo de exposición a los entrenamientos y los partidos sobre las lesiones. Métodos: Este estudio utilizó un diseño de cohorte retrospectivo con un método de encuesta a atletas de fútbol juvenil de la EPA (Elite Pro Academy) U14, U16 y U18 de 18 equipos en cada grupo de edad. Los datos se recogieron de 838 jóvenes futbolistas como muestra. Resultados: Este estudio no encontró asociación entre el IMC y la lesión (p > 0,05), mientras que el tiempo de exposición sí tuvo asociación con la lesión (p < 0,05). Según la localización de la lesión, las lesiones deportivas se encontraron principalmente en el tobillo 273 (39%). El tipo de lesión más frecuente fue la contusión (36%), seguida de la distensión (25%) y el esguince (18%). En cuanto a la gravedad, la mayoría de los casos se clasificaron como lesiones leves (4-7 días), con 299 (43%). La posición de defensa fue la que tuvo más lesiones, 188 (35%). Osgood Schlatter fue más frecuente en deportistas de 13 años, con 29 casos. Mientras tanto, la incidencia total de lesiones es de 3,9/1.000 horas. Conclusiones: Este estudio encontró que el tiempo de exposición al entrenamiento estaba asociado con el número de lesiones. También registró que la mayoría de las lesiones ocurren en las extremidades inferiores, especialmente las lesiones de ligamentos del tobillo. El defensor recibió mucha atención porque se considera la posición más vulnerable. Finalmente, el pico de incidencia de Osgood Schlatter se produjo a la edad de 13 años.

Palabras clave: lesiones deportivas, incidencia de lesiones, deportistas de fútbol juvenil, Osgood Schlatter.

Abstract. Background: Football is the most popular sport globally, with approximately 200,000 professional players and 240 million amateur players. It is a high-intensity intermittent sport that can lead to fatigue, increasing the risk of injury. Unfortunately, injuries in young athletes are still not widely studied, making not much data available. This study tries to fill the gap by investigating the characteristics of injuries in young football athletes in Indonesia. In addition, it attempts to determine the relationship between BMI, exposure time to training and matches on injuries. Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort design with a survey method on EPA (Elite Pro Academy) U14, U16, and U18 youth football athletes from 18 teams in each age group. The data were collected from 838 young footballers as the sample. Results: This study found no association between BMI and injury (p > 0.05), while exposure time did have an association with injury (p < 0.05). Based on the injury location, sports injuries were mostly found in the ankle 273 (39%). The highest injury type was contusion 36%, followed by strain 25% and sprain 18%. Regarding severity, most cases were classified as minor injuries (4-7 days), with 299 (43%). The defender position had the most injuries, 188 (35%). Osgood Schlatter was most prevalent in athletes aged 13, with 29 cases. Meanwhile, the total injury incidence is 3.9/1000 hours. Conclusions: This study found that training exposure time was associated with the number of injuries. It also recorded that most injuries occur in the lower limbs, especially ankle ligament injuries. The defender received high attention as it is considered the most vulnerable position. Finally, the peak incidence of Osgood Schlatter occurred at the age of 13.

Keywords: sports injuries, injury incidence, youth football athletes, Osgood Schlatter

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Publicado

2024-06-01

Cómo citar

Prianto, B. A., Apriantono, T. ., Ray, H. R. D. ., & Solikah, N. L. (2024). Análisis de las características de las lesiones en deportistas juveniles de fútbol de élite en Indonesia (Analysis of injury characteristics in youth elite football athletes in Indonesia). Retos, 55, 476–482. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103485

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