Exploring changes in attitudes towards doping in sport in different groups of the russian population: a mixed methods study with policy recommendations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.95436Keywords:
dopaje, deporte, normas antidopaje normas antidopaje, medidas antidopaje, cultura antidopaje, actitudes hacia el dopaje en el deporte, encuesta de opiniónAbstract
Introduction: This article examines the evolution of anti-doping culture in Russia through a comparative analysis of sociological surveys conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021. It focuses on the changing attitudes of Russian citizens towards doping in sports, their awareness of anti-doping regulations, and the underlying causes and motivations for violations of anti-doping rules. The significance of understanding public opinion on doping and countermeasures is highlighted, underscoring its value for specialists, researchers, and executive authorities in addressing and mitigating the issue. Materials and Methods: The study employed sociological surveys across various categories and groups within the Russian population, spanning three consecutive years. These surveys aimed to gather comprehensive insights into the public's perception of doping, knowledge of anti-doping efforts, and attitudes towards the effectiveness of existing anti-doping measures. The methodology was designed to enable a detailed comparative analysis, shedding light on trends and shifts in public opinion over time. Results: Findings from the surveys reveal a noticeable development in the anti-doping culture among the Russian population, marked by changes in attitudes towards doping use and a growing awareness of anti-doping rules. The research identified specific causes and motives behind anti-doping rule violations, illustrating the complex nature of the issue. Additionally, the study provided an objective assessment of the problem's scale, based on the attitudes of various social groups towards the use of banned substances, whether of natural, narcotic, or synthetic origin. Conclusions: The paper concludes with up-to-date data on the anti-doping situation in the Russian Federation and perspectives from scientists on enhancing anti-doping efforts. Based on the analysis, the authors propose a set of measures aimed at improving anti-doping activities in Russia. These recommendations are intended to bolster the fight against doping, reflecting the study's contribution to forming a comprehensive understanding of societal attitudes towards this challenge and paving the way for more effective countermeasures.
Keywords: doping, sports, anti-doping rules, anti-doping measures, anti-doping culture, attitudes toward doping in sports, opinion poll.
References
Akishina, E., Olesina, E., & Radomskaya, O. (2023). Creating the cultural environment of a school fostering the creative development of adolescents. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 5, 2023065. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2023065
Babaskin D., F.Masharipov, Savinkova O., Shustikova N., Volkova N. (2024) Functional state of team sports athletes in the annual training cycle. Retos, 54, 106-113 https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/99620
Balk, L., Dopheide, M., Cruyff, M., Erik, D., & de Hon, O. 2023. “Doping prevalence and attitudes towards doping in Dutch elite sports”. Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance, 2(2), 132–143. https://doi.org/10.55860/BCUQ4622
Bojkova, N., Berdysheva, N., Kalashnikova, E., Murtazina, G., & Karazhaeva, M. (2023). Influence of geopolitical changes on the Formation of Master’s Programs in Sports Journalism in student training. Revista Conrado, 19(94), 334–339. Recuperado a partir de https://conrado.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/conrado/article/view/3356
Diel, P., and R. Zehner. 2021. “Gendoping und molekulares doping” [Gene doping and molecular doping]. Rechtsmedizin 31(1):10–17.
García-Grimau, E., Casado, A., & de la Vega, R. (2021). Evolución de la investigación psicosocial del dopaje en el depor-te de competición: una revisión narrativa (Evolution of doping in elite sport from the perspective of social sciences: a narrative review). Retos, 39, 973–980. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.80834
Government of the Russian Federation. 2014. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2014 No. 302 “On approval of the state program of the Russian Federation ‘Development of physical culture and sports’”. Sobranie Za-konodatel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii [SZ RF] [Collection of Legislation of the RF] 05.05.2014, No. 18 (Part I), Item 2151.
Government of the Russian Federation. 2020. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2020 No. 3081-r “On approval of the strategy for the development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation until 2030”. So-branie Zakonodatel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii [SZ RF] [Collection of Legislation of the RF] 07.12.2020, No. 49, Item 7958.
Heuberger, J. A. A. C., A. Henning, A. F. Cohen, and B. Kayser. 2022. “Dealing with doping. A plea for better science, governance and education”. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 88(2):566-578.
Isidori, E., A. Di Gianfrancesco, C. Fossati, and F. Pigozzi. 2020. “Contributions of sports medicine to anti-doping edu-cation: Engaging in dialogue with the social and human sciences”. Medicina dello sport 73(3):547–556.
Khabibrakhmanova, R., Abdulganiev, F., Garaeva, L., & Takmakova, A. (2024). Education-based solutions for develop-ment of Physical Culture and Sport across Russian Regions. Revista Conrado, 20(96), 659–674. Recuperado a partir de https://conrado.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/conrado/article/view/3627
Kholopov, A. V., and V. V. Sumina. 2017. “Doping v sporte” [Doping in sports]. Research and Scientific Electronic Journal of Omsk SAU 3:16.
Korniukhin, V. V., and A. P. Vilkov. 2020. “Problema dopinga v Rossii i antidopingovye sanktsii” [The problem of dop-ing in Russia and anti-doping sanctions]. StudNet 3(11):921–928.
Kulyamina, O.S., Tarasova, M.I., & Bronnikova, E.M. 2021. “The Attitude of High-Class Athletes to Doping in Sports and Measures to Counter It”. Social’naya politika i sociologiya, 2 (139), 134-143
Lipicer, S. K., & McArdle, D. 2014. “National law, domestic governance and global policy: Through a case study of Slovenia, this article explores the impact of global anti-doping initiatives on national sports policies and the role of na-tional legal frameworks in facilitating compliance with these initiatives”. National law, domestic governance and global policy, 6:1, 71-87, DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2012.662692
Member States of the Council of Europe. 1989. Anti-Doping Convention of November 16, 1989. Available at: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?doc_itself=&collection=1&nd=203000022&page=1&rdk=0&link_id=5#I0 (ac-cessed September 1, 2021).
Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation. 2020. Order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation of December 16, 2020 No. 927 “On approval of the list of substances and (or) methods banned for use in sports”. Available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220105 (accessed September 1, 2021).
Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation. 2021, June 15. Zasedanie komiteta po utverzhdeniiu proektov fonda dlia iskorene-niia dopinga v sporte vpervye proshlo v Rossii [The meeting of the committee on the approval of projects of the Fund for the Elimination of Doping in Sport held in Russia for the first time]. Available at: https://minsport.gov.ru/press-centre/news/36177/ (accessed May 11, 2021).
Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation. 2021. Order of the Ministry of Sports of Russia of June 24, 2021 No. 464 “On approval of the All-Russian anti-doping rules”. Available at: https://minsport.gov.ru/2021/doc/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%20(%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%20%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%20%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%E2%84%96%20464%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2024.06.2021).pdf (accessed August 31, 2021).
Nicholls, A.R., Fairs, L.R., Plata-Andrés, M., Bailey, R.P., Cope, E.A., Madigan, D.J., Koenen, K., Glibo, I., Theodor-ou, N.C., Laurent, J., Garcia, G., & Chanal, B. 2020. Feasibility randomised controlled trial examining the effects of the Anti-Doping Values in Coach Education (ADVICE) mobile application on doping knowledge and attitudes to-wards doping among grassroots coaches. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6: e000800. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000800.
Otto, F., T. Pawlowski, and S. Utz. 2021. “Trust in fairness, doping, and the demand for sports: a study on international track and field events”. European Sport Management Quarterly 21(5):731–747.
Siqueira Rodrigues, A.V., Machado Reis, V., & Camillo Martinez, E. (2023). Uso de medios electrónicos por las federa-ciones deportivas brasileñas en la educación antidopaje (Use of electronic media by Brazilian sports federations in an-ti-doping education). Retos, 49, 61–69. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.97843
Spica, V.R., & Fara, G.M. 2019. “Preface for the Dedicated Issue: Doping and dietary supplements in sport as an emerg-ing hazard for public health”. Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita, 31 6, 519-522 .
State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. 2007. Federal Law No. 329-FZ of December 4, 2007, “On physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation”. Sobranie Zakonodatel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii [SZ RF] [Collection of Legislation of the RF] 10.12.2007, No. 50, Item 6242.
Stoll, A., M. Iannone, G. De Gregorio, F. Molaioni, X. de la Torre, F. Botrè, and M. K. Parr. 2020. “Influence of indo-methacin on steroid metabolism: Endocrine disruption and confounding effects in urinary steroid profiling of anti-doping analyses”. Metabolites 10(11):1–19.
Stukova, E. A., Byankina, L. V., Manikovskaya, M. A., Galitsyn, S. V., & Byankin, V. V. (2023). Implementation of the principle of consciousness and activity in the process of training young sambo wrestlers as the embodiment of harmo-ny between body and spirit. Retos, 47(1), 1-13.
Sysoeva Iu. V., and A. V. Sednev. 2019. “Problema dopinga v sovremennom sporte” [The problem of doping in contem-porary sports]. Molodoi uchenyi 11(249): 268–269.
UNESCO. 2005. International Convention against Doping in Sport of October 19, 2005. Available at: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=205009589&backlink=1&nd=201041204&collectiondoc&collection=1 (accessed September 1, 2021).
Varfolomeeva, Z. S., Kozyreva, D. A., & Beresneva, M. L. 2023. “Attitudes towards Doping in Adolescent Athletes”. Sport Mont, 21(1), 65-69. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230211
Vdovina, M. V. 2021. “Sotsiologicheskie vozmozhnosti issledovaniia dopinga v sovremennom sporte” [Sociological possi-bilities for research of doping in modern sports]. Social policy and sociology 1(138):74–81.
Volkova, E. S., E. P. Salnikova, and I. E. Konovalova. 2019. Osnovy antidopingovogo obespecheniia sporta: Monografiia [Fun-damentals of anti-doping security in sport: A monograph]. Ufa: Bashkir Institute of Physical Culture, 144 p.
World Anti-Doping Agency. 2015. International standard for testing and investigations. Available at: https://minsport.gov.ru/2017/doc/tr.pdf (accessed September 10, 2021).
World Anti-Doping Agency. 2020. International standard for therapeutic use. Available at: https://minsport.gov.ru/2020/docs/new%20files/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%94%D0%9E%D0%9F%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%93/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%20%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E%20(%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%202021).pdf (accessed September 12, 2021).
World Anti-Doping Agency. 2021. World Anti-Doping Code (rev. of January 1, 2021). Montreal: World Anti-Doping Agency. Available at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2021_wada_code.pdf (ac-cessed September 5, 2021).
Zavalishina, T. 2019, May 21. “V Rossii doping byl i est, no znachitelno menshe, chem v SSHA ili Kanade” [Russia did and con-tinues to use doping, but much less than the United States or Canada]. BusinessOnline. Available at: https://www.business-gazeta.ru/article/425034?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop (accessed Septem-ber 20, 2021).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
