Estado funcional de los atletas de deportes de equipo en el ciclo anual de entrenamiento (Functional state of team sports athletes in the annual training cycle)

Autores/as

  • Dmitrii Babaskin Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
  • Farhod Masharipov Urgench State University
  • Olga Savinkova Voronezh State Academy of Sports
  • Natalia Shustikova Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy”
  • Nina Volkova Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.99620

Palabras clave:

football players, handball players, hockey players, functional state, musculoskeletal system, flexibility, stabilometry, goniometry

Resumen

Este estudio se enfoca en determinar la dinámica del estado funcional del sistema musculoesquelético de los atletas de deportes de equipo durante el ciclo anual de entrenamiento. Lograr este objetivo permitirá proporcionar una gestión científicamente basada del entrenamiento y los procesos competitivos en el ciclo anual de entrenamiento, contribuyendo a la normalización del estado funcional del sistema musculoesquelético del atleta. Los autores evaluaron el estado funcional del sistema musculoesquelético de atletas que practican fútbol, balonmano y hockey sobre césped, utilizando goniometría y estabilometría, así como pruebas de habilidades físicas asociadas con la flexibilidad de las articulaciones (inclinación hacia adelante desde una posición de pie (en el banco), puente, splits transversales y longitudinales (el mejor de 2 posibles)). Las pruebas se realizaron durante el ciclo anual de entrenamiento, después del período competitivo, y al inicio y al final del período preparatorio. La evaluación del estado funcional del sistema musculoesquelético de los atletas al final del período competitivo mostró niveles de flexibilidad bajos y por debajo del promedio. La capacidad de soporte estático (estabilometría) y la movilidad articular (goniometría) fueron por debajo del promedio y niveles promedio. La disminución en la capacidad de soporte estático testificó violaciones del aparato vestibular y la sensibilidad propioceptiva, que tienen un impacto significativo en el equilibrio. Los bajos resultados de flexibilidad y movilidad articular indicaron la falta de elasticidad del aparato musculoesquelético, lo que señaló la presencia de sobreesfuerzo. Los cambios positivos diagnosticados en el estado del sistema musculoesquelético de los atletas al inicio y al final del período preparatorio, independientemente del deporte de equipo, indicaron una restauración parcial del estado funcional del sistema musculoesquelético durante el período de transición. Según los resultados del estudio, se dieron recomendaciones para incluir en el proceso de entrenamiento, junto con el preestiramiento, ejercicios correctivos y preventivos basados en el uso de la técnica de relajación miofascial, que contribuyen a la restauración del estado funcional del sistema musculoesquelético de los atletas de deportes de equipo.

Palabras clave: futbolistas, jugadores de balonmano, jugadores de hockey, estado funcional, sistema musculoesquelético, flexibilidad, estabilometría, goniometría.

Abstract. Determination of the dynamics of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of team sports athletes in the annual training cycle. The achievement of this goal will allow for providing scientifically-based management of training and competitive processes in the annual training cycle and contribute to the normalization of the functional state of the athlete's musculoskeletal system. The authors assessed the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of athletes involved in football, handball, and field hockey, using goniometry, and stabilometry, as well as testing physical abilities, associated with the flexibility of the joints (forward bend from a standing position (on the bench), bridge, transverse and longitudinal (best of 2 possible), splits). Testing was conducted during the annual training cycle, after the competitive period, and at the beginning and at the end of the preparatory period. Assessment of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of athletes at the end of the competition period showed the low and below average flexibility levels. Static support ability (stabilometry) and joint mobility (goniometry) were below average and average levels. Decrease in static support ability testified to violations of the vestibular apparatus and proprioceptive sensitivity, which have a significant impact on balance. The low results of joint flexibility and mobility indicated the lack of elasticity of the musculoskeletal apparatus, which indicated the presence of overstrain. Diagnosed positive changes in the state of the musculoskeletal system of athletes at the beginning and at the end of the preparatory period, regardless of the team sport, indicated a partial restoration of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system during the transition period. According to the results of the study, recommendations were given for including in the training process, along with prestretching, corrective and preventive exercises based on the use of the myofascial relaxation technique, which contribute to the restoration of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of team sports athletes.

Keywords: football players, handball players, hockey players, functional state, musculoskeletal system, flexibility, stabilometry, goniometry.

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Publicado

2024-05-01

Cómo citar

Babaskin, D. ., Masharipov, F. ., Savinkova, O. ., Shustikova, N. ., & Volkova, N. . (2024). Estado funcional de los atletas de deportes de equipo en el ciclo anual de entrenamiento (Functional state of team sports athletes in the annual training cycle). Retos, 54, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.99620

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas