Transfer of a resistance training program to sprinting and vertical jump in youth soccer players: squats vs. lunges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93296Keywords:
Youth soccer, Bilateral resistance training, Unilateral resistance training, Athletic performance, Lineal sprint, CMJAbstract
Sprint speed and vertical jumping ability are fundamental requirements to reach high performance in soccer. There is controversy about the type of resistance exercise (bilateral or unilateral) that allows greater transfer to these gestures. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of strength training using squats vs. lunges on vertical jump speed and 20-meter linear sprint in youth soccer players. Seventy-nine subjects randomly divided into three groups participated in the study: lunge training (GE) (n = 28; age = 16.5 ± 1.2 years); squat training (GS) (n = 24; age = 16.3 ± 1.4 years) and control group (GC) (n = 27; age = 16.5 ± 1.2 years). GE and GS performed strength training twice a week during 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, all subjects were tested for maximum speed at CMJ and linear sprint of 20m. All three groups significantly improved performance (p < .05) in the 20m sprint, with the improvement being significantly greater in the experimental groups compared to GC (p < .05), with no differences between the former. No significant improvement in maximum speed at CMJ was verified for either group. Both bilateral and predominantly unilateral strength training appear to be beneficial for the improvement of sprint speed performance in youth soccer players, with no significant differences between them.
Keywords: Youth Soccer. Bilateral resistance training. Unilateral resistance training. Athletic Performance. Lineal sprint. CMJ.
References
Arnason, A., Sigurdsson, S. B., Gudmundsson, A., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2004). Physical fitness, injuries, and team performance in soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(2), 278-285. https://doi.org/ 10.1249/01.MSS.0000113478.92945.CA
Andrzejewski, M., Chmura, J., Pluta, B., Strzelczyk, R., & Kasprzak, A. (2013). Analysis of sprinting activities of professional soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 27(8), 2134-2140. https://doi.org/ 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318279423e
Andrzejewski, M., Chmura, P., Konefał, M., Kowalczuk, E., & Chmura, J. (2018). Match outcome and sprinting activities in match play by elite German soccer players. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 58(6), 785-792. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07352-2
Appleby, B. B., Cormack, S. J., & Newton, R. U. (2020). Unilateral and bilateral lower-body resistance training does not transfer equally to sprint and change of direction performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 34(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003035
Bompa, T. (2004). Periodización del entrenamiento deportivo. Barcelona, España: Paidotribo.
Bosco, C. (2000). La fuerza muscular: aspectos metodológicos. Barcelona, España: INDE.
Boren, K., Conrey, C., Le Coguic, J., Paprocki, L., Voight, M., & Robinson, T. K. (2011). Electromyographic analysis of gluteus medius and gluteus maximus during rehabilitation exercises. International journal of sports physical therapy, 6(3), 206–223.
Caycho, T., Ventura-León, J., & Castillo-Blanco, R. (2016). Magnitud del efecto para la diferencia de dos grupos en ciencias de la salud. Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, 39(3), 459-461.
Cicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological assessment, 6(4), 284. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284
Cressey, E. M., West, C. A., Tiberio, D. P., Kraemer, W. J., & Maresh, C. M. (2007). The effects of ten weeks of lower-body unstable surface training on markers of athletic performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 21(2), 561–567. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-19845.1
Ebben, W. P., Feldmann, C. R., Dayne, A., Mitsche, D., Alexander, P., & Knetzger, K. J. (2009). Muscle activation during lower body resistance training. International journal of sports medicine, 30(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1038785
Eliassen, W., Saeterbakken, A. H., & van den Tillaar, R. (2018). Comparison of bilateral and unilateral squat exercises on barbell kinematics and muscle activation. International journal of sports physical therapy, 13(5), 871.
Fisher, J. & Wallin, M. (2014). Unilateral versus bilateral lower-body resistance and plyometric training for change of direction speed. Journal of Athletic Enhancement, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000174
Gonzalo-Skok, O., Tous-Fajardo, J., Suarez-Arrones, L., Arjol-Serrano, J. L., Casajús, J. A., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2017). Single-leg power output and between-limbs imbalances in team-sport `players: unilateral versus bilateral combined resistance training. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 12(1), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0743
González, J. J. y Serna, J. (2002). Bases de la programación de la fuerza. Barcelona, España: INDE.
Keiner, M., Brauner, T., Kadlubowski, B., Sander, A., & Wirth, K. (2022). The Influence of Maximum Squatting Strength on Jump and Sprint Performance: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 492 Youth Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105835
Kornecki, S., & Zschorlich, V. (1994). The nature of the stabilizing functions of skeletal muscles. Journal of biomechanics, 27(2), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)90211-9
Liao, K. F., Nassis, G., Bishop, C., Yang, W., Bian, C., & Li, Y. M. (2021). Effects of unilateral vs. bilateral resistance training interventions on measures of strength, jump, linear and change of direction speed: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biology of Sport, 39(3), 485-497. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.107024
Loturco, I., Nakamura, F. Y., Kobal, R., Gil, S., Pivetti, B., Pereira, L. A., & Roschel, H. (2016). Traditional periodization versus optimum training load applied to soccer players: effects on neuromuscular abilities. International journal of sports medicine, 37(13), 1051–1059. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-107249
Maté-Muñoz, J. L., Monroy, A. J., Jodra Jiménez, P., & Garnacho-Castaño, M. V. (2014). Effects of instability versus traditional resistance training on strength, power and velocity in untrained men. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(3), 460–468.
McCurdy, K., O’Kelley, E., Kutz, M., Langford, G., Ernest, J., & Torres, M. (2010). Comparison of lower extremity EMG between the 2-leg squat and modified single-leg squat in female athletes. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 19(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.19.1.57
Moran, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Liew, B., Chaabene, H., Behm, D. G., García-Hermoso, A., Izquierdo, M., & Granacher, U. (2021). Effects of bilateral and unilateral resistance training on horizontally orientated movement performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 51(2), 225-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01367-9
Mullican, K., & Nijem, R. (2016). Are unilateral exercises more effective than bilateral exercises? Strength & Conditioning Journal, 38(1), 68-70. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000181
Otero-Esquina, C., de Hoyo Lora, M., Gonzalo-Skok, Ó., Domínguez-Cobo, S., & Sánchez, H. (2017). Is strength-training frequency a key factor to develop performance adaptations in young elite soccer players? European journal of sport science, 17(10), 1241-1251. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1378372
Papaevangelou, E., Metaxas, T., Riganas, C., Mandroukas, A., & Vamvakoudis, E. (2012). Evaluation of soccer performance in professional, semi-professional and amateur players of the same club. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 12(3), 362. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2012.03054
Ramirez-Campillo, R., Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Rodríguez-Fernandez, A., Carretero, M., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2018). Specific changes in young soccer player's fitness after traditional bilateral vs. unilateral combined strength and plyometric training. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 265. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00265
Seitz, L. B., Reyes, A., Tran, T. T., Saez de Villarreal, E., & Haff, G. G. (2014). Increases in lower-body strength transfer positively to sprint performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 44(12), 1693–1702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0227-1
Siff, M & Verkhoshansky, Y. (2004). Superentrenamiento. España, Barcelona: Paidotribo.
Škarabot, J., Cronin, N., Strojnik, V., & Avela, J. (2016). Bilateral deficit in maximal force production. European journal of applied physiology, 116(11-12), 2057–2084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3458-z
Stern, D., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Loturco, I., Turner, A., & Bishop, C. (2020). A comparison of bilateral vs. unilateral-biased strength and power training interventions on measures of physical performance in elite youth soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 34(8), 2105–2111. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003659
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
