Análisis del nivel de estrés y recuperación de los entrenadores de fútbol formativo. Estudios de caso (Analysis of stress level and recovery of formative football coaches. Case studies)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.84146Palabras clave:
RESTQ-Coach, categoría juvenil, fútbol, entrenadores de élite, estresantesResumen
El objetivo de este estudio era identificar y comparar los niveles de estrés y recuperación de los entrenadores de fútbol de élite de los equipos juveniles en diferentes momentos de una temporada deportiva. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con características longitudinales. Se evaluaron 26 entrenadores (37,60±7,37 años) con tiempo de experiencia (7,20±5,37 años) de las categorías sub-15, sub-17 y sub-20 de los principales equipos de fútbol de élite de Brasil. Los entrenadores rellenaron el cuestionario de datos demográficos y el RESTQ-Coach en tres periodos de la temporada deportiva: vacaciones, entrenamiento y competición. Los niveles de estrés fueron más altos en los períodos de competición, así como en los momentos de entrenamiento, en comparación con el período de vacaciones. Los niveles de recuperación mostraron una disminución en el período de competición en comparación con el período de vacaciones. Los valores de estrés no fueron superiores a los valores de recuperación de los entrenadores evaluados en diferentes momentos de la temporada deportiva. Los niveles de estrés y recuperación oscilan durante la temporada deportiva. Sin embargo, los niveles de recuperación se han mantenido más altos que el estrés. Parece que los entrenadores de fútbol de élite están adaptados y soportan las presiones laborales a las que están sometidos en el contexto deportivo durante una temporada.
Abstract. This study aimed to monitor and compare the levels of stress and recovery in elite football coaches of youth teams at different moments of one sports season. A descriptive study with longitudinal characteristics was conducted. Twenty-six coaches (37.60±7.37 years old) with experience time (7.20±5.37 years) from the categories U-15, U-17 and U-20 of the main Brazilian elite football teams were evaluated. The coaches filled out the demographic data questionnaire and the RESTQ-Coach in three periods of the sports season: vacation, training and competition. The stress levels were higher in competition periods, as well as during training moments, compared to the vacation period. The recovery levels showed a decrease in the competition period compared to the vacation period. The stress values were not higher than the recovery values of the coaches evaluated at different times of the sports season. Stress and recovery levels oscillate during a sports season. However, recovery levels have remained higher than stress. It seems that the elite football coaches are adapted and support the work pressures to which they are submitted in the sports context over one season.
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