Estudio de la resiliencia en función de la modalidad deportiva: fútbol, balonmano y esquí (Research on resilience depending on the type of sport: football, handball and ski)Research of resilience depending on the type of sport: football, handball and ski)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i29.41313Keywords:
Resiliencia, Rendimiento Deportivo, Fútbol, Balonmano, Esquí (Resilience, Sport Performance, Football, Handball, Ski)Abstract
El estudio de la resiliencia como capacidad para superar situaciones de adversidad ha tomado protagonismo en la última década, especialmente en la rama de la psicología deportiva. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en estudiar sus niveles en diversas modalidades deportivas, con el fin de establecer patrones en función del deporte practicado. En este sentido, este estudio de carácter descriptivo y transversal contó con una muestra constituida por 39 deportistas de diversas modalidades (fútbol, balonmano y esquí), permitiendo el estudio de factores asociados a la resiliencia, utilizándose como instrumento el cuestionario CD-RISC de Connor-Davidson (2003). Los resultados concretaron que los esquiadores poseían puntuaciones de resiliencia más elevadas, siendo los futbolistas aquellos que presentaban una menor puntuación. Asimismo, tanto los jugadores de balonmano como los esquiadores obtuvieron la mayor valoración en el ítem R7, asociándose los futbolistas al R24 (ambos referidos a la tenacidad y autosuficiencia); el ítem R3, referido a creencias religiosas, concretó la menor porcentualidad. Como conclusión, se demuestra la variabilidad de la resiliencia y sus dimensiones en función del deporte practicado, mostrándose los factores resilientes más débiles y que deberían ser desarrollados para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo en situaciones adversas.
Abstract. The study of resilience as a quality-ability to overcome adverse situations has taken center stage in the last decade, especially in the field of sport psychology. The objective of this research is to study the levels of resilience in different sports in order to establish patterns depending on the sport practiced. In this regard, this descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out using 39 sportsmen from different modalities (football, handball and skiing), allowing the study of factors associated with resilience, using the CD-RISC questionnaire of Connor-Davidson (2003). The results show that skiers had higher resilience scores, while football players were those who had a lower score. In addition, handball players and skiers obtained the highest score in the R7 item, while footballers were associated to the R4 item (both referred to the tenacity and self-sufficiency); the R3 item, based on religious beliefs, showed the lowest punctuation. In conclusion, the variability of resilience and its dimensions depending on the sport is demonstrated, highlighting the weakest resilient factors, which should be developed to enhance sport performance in adverse situations.
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