Entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y ejercicios de saltos, efectos sobre el rendimiento en el salto vertical en un grupo de alto nivel de jugadores de voleibol durante una temporada completa de competición (Combined strength and jump exercises training,
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i29.41305Keywords:
Voleibol, entrenamiento combinado, salto vertical, entrenamiento específico con cargas (Volleyball, combined training, vertical jump, specific resistance training)Abstract
Se ha sugerido que para mejorar el rendimiento en el salto vertical (SV), los jugadores de voleibol deben realizar entrenamiento con cargas específico para voleibol. Este estudio examina los efectos del entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y ejercicios de saltos sobre el rendimiento en el SV, en un grupo de alto nivel de jugadores de voleibol durante una temporada completa de la competición. Doce jugadores profesionales de voleibol participaron en este estudio. El rendimiento se midió mediante la altura (cm) del salto sin carga (CMJ) y con carga (CMJloaded), y por la velocidad de desplazamiento en fase concéntrica de la sentadilla completa (FS) (m/s). El entrenamiento tuvo lugar 2 días/semana, 16 semanas (2 ciclos / 8 semanas, 1 semana de descanso). Los ejercicios de resistencia fueron: FS, 3-4 series / 4-6 repeticiones, 50% al 65% de 1RM; cargada de fuerza, 3 series / 4-6 repeticiones, con máxima carga que permite ejecución técnica correcta; saltos con carga, 3-4 series / 4-5 repeticiones, 50%-80% carga con la que alcanzaron una altura de unos 20 cm.; salto sin carga, 3-4 series / 5 repeticiones. Hubo un aumento significativo en CMJ y CMJloaded (7.12% y 9.78%; p<.01; respectivamente). No se observaron cambios significativos en FS (1.66%; p> .05). Nuestros resultados sugieren que el uso de cargas moderadas podría producir resultados similares en el rendimiento del SV al uso de cargas elevadas, ya que en nuestro estudio no superamos una carga equivalente al 65% de 1RM en el FS y los ejercicios de salto se realizaron con cargas ligeras. Estos resultados indican que la especificidad del entrenamiento, expresada por la proximidad de las velocidades de ejecución de los ejercicios de entrenamiento a la velocidad de ejecución del SV, es determinante para el rendimiento.
Abstrac. It has been suggested that to improve vertical jump performance, volleyball players must complete specific volleyball resistance training. This study examines the effects of combined strength and jump exercises training on the vertical jump performance, in a group of senior elite male volleyball players during a full competition season. Twelve professional male volleyball players took part in this study. Players competed in the first national division of the Spanish National League during the 2014-2015 season. The performance was estimated by unloaded (CMJ), loaded countermovement jumps (CMJloaded) height (cm) and by velocity of displacement in the concentric phase of full squat (FS) (m•s-1). Training took place 2 days/week, 16 weeks (2 cycles/8 weeks, 1 week recovery). The resistance exercises were: FS, 3-4 series/4-6 repetitions, load from 50%-65% 1RM; hang power clean, 3 series/4-6 repetitions with the maximum load that allows a correct technical execution; loaded jump, 3-4 series/4-5 repetitions, load from 50%-80% according to the weight with which the athletes reached a height of about 20 cm.; unloaded jump, 3-4 series/5 repetitions. There was a significant increase in CMJ and CMJloaded (7.12% and 9.78%; p<.01; respectively). No significant changes were observed in FS (1.66%; p>.05). Our results suggest that the use of moderate loads could produce similar results on vertical jump performance to the use of high loads, since in our study a load equivalent to 65% 1RM in the FS was not exceeded and jumping exercises were performed with light loads. These results indicate that the specificity of training, which in this case is expressed by the proximity of the velocities of execution of the training exercises to the velocity of execution of the vertical jump, is determinant for the performance.
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