La influencia de un modelo constructivista para la enseñanza de la táctica en baloncesto sobre la eficacia del juego durante la competición (The influence of a constructivist model for teaching tactics in basketball on the effectiveness of the game during
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i17.34661Keywords:
táctica, enseñanza, constructivismo, eficacia.Abstract
El rendimiento en baloncesto viene determinado no sólo por la capacidad de ejecución de los participantes sino por la capacidad de superar al adversario que genera un entorno cambiante, donde el jugador debe estar analizando y decidiendo continuamente las acciones a realizar para conseguir encestar. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si con un programa de entrenamiento para la táctica, basado en un modelo constructivista, se puede conseguir mejorar el rendimiento de un equipo de baloncesto masculino formado por 10 jugadores seniors. Para ello se utilizaron como variables dependientes la eficacia de los ataques posicionales y la eficacia de los medios tácticos, entendiendo ésta como la capacidad de conseguir ventajas espaciales del jugador con balón. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante metodología observacional gracias a un instrumento previamente validado. Se utilizó un diseño pretest-postest sin grupo control. Los resultados mostraron que existió una mejora en la eficacia de los ataques posicicionales con diferencias muy significativas, pasando del 28,6% de eficacia en el pretest al 67,5% en el postest. Estos mismos resultados se repitieron con la eficacia de los medios tácticos, esta vez con diferencias altamente significativas, pasando de una eficacia del 29,5% en el pretest a una del 64,9% en el postest. La principal conclusión del estudio es que un programa de entrenamiento para la enseñanza de la táctica colectiva basado en un modelo constructivista tiene una influencia positiva en el rendimiento de un equipo de baloncesto.
Palabra clave: táctica, enseñanza, constructivismo, eficacia.
Abstract: The performance in basketball comes determined not only for the capacity of execution of the participants but for the aptitude to overcome the adversary who generates a changeable environment, where the player must be analyzing and deciding constant the actions to obtain to score. The aim of this study was to analyze if with a program of training for the tactics, based on a model constructivism , it is possible to manage to improve the performance of a male basketball team formed by 10 players seniors. For it there were in use as dependent variables the efficacy of positional attacks and the effectiveness of tactical media, understood as the ability to achieve benefits of space with ball player.. The data Collection of information was realized by means of methodology observational thanks to a before validated instrument. A design was in use pretest-postest without group control. The results showed that an improvement existed in the efficiency of the assaults posicicionales with very significant differences, happening from 28,6 % of efficiency in the pretest to 67,5 % in the postest.The same results repeated themselves with the efficiency of the tactical means, this time with highly significant differences, happening from an efficiency of 29,5 % in the pretest to one from 64,9 % in the postest. The principal conclusion of the study is that a program of training for the education of the collective tactics based on a model constructivist has a positive influence in the performance of a basketball team.
Key words: tactics, education, constructivism, efficiency.
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