Factores determinantes y su influencia acumulada en la comunicación educativa de entrenadores de fútbol en competición (Fundamental factors and their accumulate influence on educational communication delivered by soccer coaches in competition)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i29.34393Keywords:
educación física, estilos de enseñanza, estilos de liderazgo, formación del entrenador, orientación educativa (Physical education, teaching styles, leadership styles, coach training, educational approach)Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar si las instrucciones (aproximación positiva o negativa a la educación) estaban determinadas por las características del entrenador de fútbol base (formación académica, titulación federativa, modelo de enseñanza-entrenamiento, estilo de liderazgo y estilo de dirección del equipo) en edades escolares. Se analizaron a 10 entrenadores andaluces en un partido de competición cada uno. A cada uno de los entrenadores se le grabó durante un partido de competición regional, que hace un total de 10 partidos y 932 minutos analizados. Los jóvenes futbolistas a quienes iban dirigidas dichas instrucciones tenían unas edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 18 años, y participaron un total de 125. Se usó el análisis de contenido como instrumento, categorizando dichas instrucciones y contrastando la frecuencia de instrucciones de carácter negativo o positivo hacia la educación con las características formativas de los entrenadores. Los resultados mostraron que sí existe influencia de dichas características sobre el tipo de instrucciones, siendo además acumulativas en su efecto. La formación del entrenador, el modelo de enseñanza táctico y el liderazgo democrático-permisivo, así como dirigir al grupo con autoridad son esenciales para educar a los jóvenes futbolistas en estas etapas de formación.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyse if youth sport coaches’ instructions were influenced by their characteristics (i.e. general education, coaching certificación, model of teaching, leadership style, and team instruction style) when delivered to school-aged youth. We analysed one match of each of 10 Andalusian coaches. One soccer game was recorded for each coach in a regional competition, which was a total of 10 soccer games and 932 minutes analysed. The young soccer players were aged between 15 and 18 years. A content analysis was used for collecting data, through a thematic coding system to categorize the instructions during the matches. We compared the frequencies of negative and positive approaches to education of the coaches with their aforementioned characteristics. The results showed that there is an influence of these characteristics on the type of instructions, and that there is a cumulative effect. Coaching education, the tactical teaching model, a democratic-permissive leadership style, and leading the group with authority, are essential in educating youth soccer players duringthe school years.
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