Hábitos saludables en niños. Antes, durante y después del confinamiento por COVID-19 (Healthy habits in children. Before, during and after confinement due to COVID-19)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99913Palabras clave:
Salud, Confinamiento, COVID-19, Longitudinal, NiñosResumen
La práctica adecuada de actividad física (AF) y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) son importantes para mejorar la salud. Los estilos de vida de los niños se han visto afectados por el confinamiento debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. También es posible que el impacto perjudicial inicial de la pandemia en la salud de los niños continúe más allá del periodo en el que se impuso el confinamiento. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el compromiso con la AF, la adherencia a la DM y el tiempo de pantalla en los niños durante el confinamiento y comparar los hallazgos con los datos recopilados durante los períodos previos y posteriores al confinamiento. La muestra inicial incluyó 55 niños de 10-12 años. De ellos, dieciocho no pudieron ser objeto de seguimiento. La muestra final estaba compuesta por 37 niños de 12-13 años. Todos eran alumnos de primaria de la provincia de Granada, España. Se administraron cuestionarios validados para evaluar la AF (PAQ-C) y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (KIDMED). Se utilizó el test FAS III para evaluar el estatus socioeconómico y se desarrolló un cuestionario ad-hoc para recoger datos sociodemográficos y evaluar el tiempo de pantalla. Los niños mostraron peores niveles de AF y tiempo frente a la pantalla durante el confinamiento en comparación con los periodos previo y posterior al confinamiento. Los hábitos de tiempo frente a la pantalla adquiridos durante el confinamiento continuaron después. Por el contrario, los niveles de AF fueron más altos después del confinamiento que durante y después del mismo.
Palabras clave: Salud, confinamiento, COVID-19, longitudinal, niños.
Abstract. Adequate physical activity (PA) engagement and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence are important for improving health. Children’s lifestyles have been affected by lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also possible that the initial detrimental impact of the pandemic on children’s health continues beyond the period in which confinement was imposed. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze PA engagement, MD adherence and screen time in children during confinement and compare findings with data gathered during pre- and post-confinement periods. The initial sample included 55 children aged 10-12 years. Of these, eighteen could not be followed up. The final sample was composed of 37 children aged 12-13 years. All were primary school students in the province of Granada, Spain. Validated questionnaires were administered to evaluate PA (PAQ-C) and Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED). The FAS III test was used to evaluate socioeconomic status and an ad-hoc questionnaire was developed to collect sociodemographic data and evaluate screen time. Children exhibited worse PA levels and screen time during confinement when compared with pre-confinement and post-confinement periods. Screen time habits acquired during confinement continued afterwards. In contrast, PA levels were higher following confinement than both during and afterwards.
Keywords: Health, confinement, COVID-19, longitudinal, children.
Citas
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