Competencia motriz de niños de 10 años con diferentes años de práctica del atletismo (Motor competence of 10 years old children with different athletics practice years)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99333Palabras clave:
niños, tiempo de práctica, competencia motriz, test ktk, atletismoResumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar si, en niños de 10 años practicantes de atletismo, un mayor número de años de práctica de esta modalidad correspondería a valores más elevados de competencia motora (CM), determinados por el Cociente Motor (CM) en la prueba KTK (Körperkoordinationtest Für Kinder). Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y descriptivo en un club de atletismo en Portugal. Se evaluaron 32 niños, 15 de sexo femenino (10,4±0,25 años, 2,5±0,92 años de práctica) y 17 de sexo masculino (10,4±0,22 años, 2,2±1,1 años de práctica). Aunque no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los niños con un o dos años de práctica de atletismo y los niños con tres o cuatro, se encontró una correlación positiva moderada entre el tiempo de práctica (TP) y el MC en las niñas (ρ= 0,543, p=0,036). Los resultados medios de MC fueron considerablemente más elevados (en ambos sexos) de lo que suelen revelar la generalidad de los estudios. Por último, no hubo diferencias significativas en el MC de niños y niñas. Los presentes resultados nos permiten especular que el atletismo puede haber contribuido a colmar algunas lagunas en la coordinación motora tan frecuentemente observadas en las niñas, y el tiempo de práctica puede haber sido especialmente beneficioso para este grupo. Se sugiere un estudio longitudinal para, más que confirmar la asociación detectada, verificar lo que ocurre con la CM de niños y niñas a lo largo de los años de práctica de atletismo.
Palabras clave: atletismo; niños; tiempo de práctica; competencia motriz; test KTK.
Abstract. The present study aimed to verify whether, in children of 10 years of age practicing athletics, a greater number of years of practice of this modality would correspond to higher values of motor competence (MC), as determined by the Motor Quotient (MQ) in the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). The cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in an athletics club in Portugal. Thirty-two children were evaluated, 15 female (10.4±0.25 years of age, 2.5±0.92 years of practice) and 17 male (10.4±0.22 years of age, 2.2±1.1 years of practice). Although no significant differences were found between children with one or two years of athletics practice and children with three or four, a moderate positive correlation was found between the time of practice (TP) and MC in girls (ρ=0.543, p=0.036). Mean MC results were considerably higher (both sexes) than the generality of studies often reveal. Finally, there were no significant differences on MC of boys and girls. The present results allow us to speculate that athletics may have helped to fill some gaps in motor coordination so often observed in girls, and the time of practice may have been especially beneficial for this group. It is suggested a longitudinal study to, more than confirm the detected association, verify what happens with boys’ and girls’ MC throughout the years of athletics practice.
Keywords: athletics; children; practice time; motor competence; KTK test.
Citas
Barnett, L. M., Lai, S. K., Veldman, S. L. C., Hardy, L. L., Cliff, D. P., Morgan, P. J., Zask, A., Lubans, D. R., Shultz, S. P., Ridgers, N. D., Rush, E., Brown, H. L., & Okely, A. D. (2016). Correlates of Gross Motor Competence in Chil-dren and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 46(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0495-z
Barnett, L. M., Morgan, P. J., Van Beurden, E., Ball, K., & Lubans, D. R. (2011). A reverse pathway? Actual and perceived skill proficiency and physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5), 898–904. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181fdfadd
Buratti, J., Souza, N., & Gorla, J. (2020). Coordenação motora: Instrumentos de Medidas e Avaliação. FEF/UNICAMP.
Coppens, E., Rommers, N., Bardid, F., Deconinck, F. J. A., De Martelaer, K., D’Hondt, E., & Lenoir, M. (2021). Long-term effectiveness of a fundamental motor skill intervention in Belgian children: A 6-year follow-up. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 31 Suppl 1, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13898
Côté, J., Lidor, R., & Hackfort, D. (2011). ISSP position stand: To sample or to specialize? Seven postulates about youth sport activities that lead to continued participation and elite performance. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psy-chology, 7. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671889Ennis, C. D. (2011). Physical education curriculum pri-orities: Evidence for education and skillfulness. Quest, 63(1), 5-18. doi:10.1080/00336297.2011.10483659
Fransen, J., Deprez, D., Pion, J., Tallir, I. B., D’Hondt, E., Vaeyens, R., Lenoir, M., & Philippaerts, R. M. (2014). Chang-es in physical fitness and sports participation among children with different levels of motor competence: A 2-year longi-tudinal study. Pediatric Exercise Science, 26(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0005
Fransen, J., Pion, J., Vandendriessche, J., Vandorpe, B., Vaeyens, R., Lenoir, M., & Philippaerts, R. M. (2012). Differ-ences in physical fitness and gross motor coordination in boys aged 6-12 years specializing in one versus sampling more than one sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.642808
Gorla, J. I., Araújo, P. F., Rodrigues, J. L., & Pereira, V. R. (2003). O teste KTK em estudos da coordenação motora. Conexões, 1(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.20396/conex.v1i1.8640804
Graf, C., Koch, B., Kretschmann-Kandel, E., Falkowski, G., Christ, H., Coburger, S., Lehmacher, W., Bjarnason-Wehrens, B., Platen, P., Tokarski, W., Predel, H. G., & Dordel, S. (2004). Correlation between BMI, leisure habits and motor abilities in childhood (CHILT-project). International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 28(1), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802428
Henrique, R. S., Ré, A. H. N., Stodden, D. F., Fransen, J., Campos, C. M. C., Queiroz, D. R., & Cattuzzo, M. T. (2016). Association between sports participation, motor competence and weight status: A longitudinal study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(10), 825–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.512
Kauderer, S., & Randler, C. (2013). Differences in time use among chronotypes in adolescents. Biological Rhythm Research, 44(4), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2012.721687
Kiphard, E., & Schiling, F. (1974). Körperkoordination Test für Kinder. KTK. Beltz Test Gmbh.
Logan, S. W., Webster, E. K., Getchell, N., Pfeiffer, K. A., & Robinson, L. E. (2015). Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skill Competence and Physical Activity During Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review. Kinesiology Review, 4(4), 416–426. https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2013-0012
Lopes, L., Santos, R., Pereira, B., & Lopes, V. P. (2013). Associations between gross Motor Coordination and Academic Achievement in elementary school children. Human Movement Science, 32(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2012.05.005
Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., & Okely, A. D. (2010). Fundamental movement skills in chil-dren and adolescents: review of associated health benefits. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 40(12), 1019–1035. https://doi.org/10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000.
Marta, C. C., Marinho, D. A., Barbosa, T. M., Izquierdo, M., & Marques, M. C. (2012). Physical Fitness Differences Be-tween Prepubescent Boys and Girls. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(7), 1756. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825bb4aa
Moreira, J. P. A., Lopes, M. C., Miranda-Júnior, M. V., Valentini, N. C., Lage, G. M., & Albuquerque, M. R. (2019). Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) for Brazilian Children and Adolescents: Factor Analysis, Invariance and Fac-tor Score. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02524
Morrongiello, B. A., & Dawber, T. (1999). Parental Influences on Toddlers’ Injury-Risk Behaviors: Are Sons and Daughters Socialized Differently? Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20(2), 227–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(99)00015-5
Morrongiello, B. A., & Dawber, T. (2000). Mothers’ Responses to Sons and Daughters Engaging in Injury-Risk Behaviors on a Playground: Implications for Sex Differences in Injury Rates. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 76(2), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.2000.2572
Mota, J., Santos, M. P., & Ribeiro, J. C. (2008). Differences in Leisure-Time Activities According to Level of Physical Activity in Adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 5(2), 286–293. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.2.286
Platvoet, S., Faber, I. R., de Niet, M., Kannekens, R., Pion, J., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., & Visscher, C. (2018). Develop-ment of a Tool to Assess Fundamental Movement Skills in Applied Settings. Frontiers in Education, 3. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2018.00075
Pombo, A.; Luz, C.; de Sá, C.; Rodrigues, L.P.; Cordovil, R. Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Portuguese Chil-dren’s Motor Competence. Children 2021, 8, 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ children8030199
Prieto-Báscon, M. (2010). Habilidades motrices básicas. Csifrevistad.
Rodrigues, L. P., Luz, C., Cordovil, R., Bezerra, P., Silva, B., Camões, M., & Lima, R. (2019). Normative values of the motor competence assessment (MCA) from 3 to 23 years of age. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(9), 1038–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.05.009
Sá, C. dos S. C. de, Luz, C., Rodrigues, L. P., & Cordovil, R. (2021). Motor Competence Assessment—Adaptação cultural para o Brasil (MCA-BR). Fisioterapia e Pesquisa, 28, 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/20017628012021
Sola, K., Brekke, N., & Brekke, M. (2010). An activity-based intervention for obese and physically inactive children orga-nized in primary care: Feasibility and impact on fitness and BMI. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 28(4), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.3109/02813432.2010.514136
Spessato, B. C., Gabbard, C., & Valentini, N. C. (2013). The Role of Motor Competence and Body Mass Index in Chil-dren’s Activity Levels in Physical Education Classes. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 32(2), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.32.2.118Stodden D, Langendorfer S, Roberton MA. The association between motor skill competence and physical fitness in young adults. Res Q Exerc Sport 2009; 80 (2): 223-9Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A Developmental Per-spective on the Role of Motor Skill Competence in Physical Activity: An Emergent Relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
Stodden, D. F., Gao, Z., Goodway, J. D., & Langendorfer, S. J. (2014). Dynamic Relationships Between Motor Skill Com-petence and Health-Related Fitness in Youth. Pediatric Exercise Science, 26(3), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0027Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., Hergenroeder, A. C., Must, A., Nixon, P. A., Pivarnik, J. M., Rowland, T., Trost, S., & Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. The Journal of pediatrics, 146(6), 732–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055.
Vandorpe, B., Vandendriessche, J., Lefevre, J., Pion, J., Vaeyens, R., Matthys, S., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2011). The KörperkoordinationsTest für Kinder: Reference values and suitability for 6–12-year-old children in Flanders. Scandi-navian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(3), 378–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01067.x
Vandorpe, B., Vandendriessche, J., Vaeyens, R., Pion, J., Matthys, S., Lefevre, J., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2012). Relationship between sports participation and the level of motor coordination in childhood: A longitudinal approach. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(3), 220–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.09.006
Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2012). Chapter two—Biosocial Construction of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior. In J. M. Olson & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 46, pp. 55–123). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394281-4.00002-7
World Medical Association. (2013). World medical association declaration of Helsinki. JAMA.Wrotniak, B. H., Epstein, L. H., Dorn, J. M., Jones, K. E., & Kondilis, V. A. (2006). The relationship between motor proficiency and physical activi-ty in children. Pediatrics, 118(6), e1758–e1765. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0742.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
