Impulsores clave de la evolución del modelo de gestión deportiva demostrado por un ejemplo de Armenia y los países de la UE (Key drivers of the evolution of the sports management model demonstrated by an example of Armenia and EU Countries)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.98520Palabras clave:
Digitalización, Innovaciones tecnológicas, Innovaciones sociales, Financiación del deporte, Subvención, StakeholderResumen
El problema del funcionamiento exitoso de las organizaciones e instituciones, incluidas las relacionadas con el deporte, se ha agudizado en vista de la creciente turbulencia del entorno exógeno y endógeno. La construcción de un modelo de gestión moderno y su implementación en la industria del deporte es una herramienta clave para resolver este problema. El objetivo del artículo fue determinar los detalles de la construcción de un modelo de gestión moderno y su implementación en la industria del deporte. La investigación involucró el método de síntesis, análisis de partes interesadas, análisis estadístico. El método de análisis estratégico formó el marco metodológico del estudio. El estudio identificó impulsores clave para el desarrollo del modelo de gestión deportiva en términos de innovaciones tecnológicas y sociales, así como de emprendimiento social. Se enfatiza el papel clave de la relación entre los niveles micro y macro en el contexto del modelo. Se identifica la relación entre la política de Estado en el campo del deporte y los objetivos de gestión de las organizaciones deportivas. La eficacia de los cambios propuestos en el modelo de gestión deportiva se evaluó sobre la base de las estadísticas de la UE. El estudio propone que el modelo de gestión deportiva debe tener una estructura equilibrada en el contexto de bloques de gestión estratégica y operativa con un enfoque particular en la gestión del capital humano, la eficiencia financiera y operativa. En particular, se observa que la UE experimentó un aumento significativo en el crecimiento del PIB asociado con la industria del deporte del 1,93 % (2015) al 2,16 % (2020) debido a la mejora del modelo de gestión del deporte. La herramienta analítica se construyó sobre la base de la evaluación de las brechas estratégicas entre el estado actual y el objetivo en el contexto del modelo.
Palabras clave: Digitalización, Innovaciones tecnológicas, Innovaciones sociales, Gestión deportiva, Financiación deportiva, Subvención, Stakeholder.
Abstract. The problem of the successful functioning of organizations and institutions, including sports-related ones, has become more acute in view of growing turbulence of the exogenous and endogenous environment. Building modern management model and its implementation in the sports industry is a key tool for solving this problem. The aim of the article was to determine the specifics of building modern management model and its implementation in the sports industry. The research involved the method of synthesis, stakeholder analysis, statistical analysis. The method of strategic analysis formed the methodological framework of the study. The study identified key drivers for the development of the sports management model in terms of technological and social innovations, as well as social entrepreneurship. The key role of the relationship between the micro and macro levels in the context of the model is emphasized. The relationship between the state policy in the field of sports and the management goals of sports organizations is identified. The effectiveness of the proposed changes in the sports management model was assessed on the basis of the EU statistics. The study proposes that sports management model should have a balanced structure in the context of blocks of strategic and operational management with a particular focus on human capital management, financial and operational efficiency. In particular, it is noted that EU experienced a significant increase in GDP growth associated with the sports industry from 1.93% (2015) to 2.16% (2020) due to sport management model’s enhancement. The analytical tool was built on the basis of the assessment of strategic gaps between the current and target state in the context of the model.
Keywords: Digitalization, Technological innovations, Social innovations, Sport management, Sports financing, Grant, Stakeholder.
Citas
Açıkgöz, S., Haudenhuyse, R., & Tınaz, C. (2021). Social innovation and challenges in youth-based sport practices: An analysis of state-led programs. In: Social Innovation in Sport, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, (pp. 113-132). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63765-1_7
Altman, E. J., Nagle F., & Tushman M. L. (2019). Managed ecosystems and translucent institutional logics: Engaging communities. Harvard Business School Working Paper, 19-086, 1−44. Recuperado de: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/managed-ecosystems-and-translucent-institutional-logics-engaging-communities
Appio, F. P., Lima M., & Paroutis S. (2019). Understanding smart cities: innovation ecosystems, technological advance-ments, and societal challenges. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142, 1−14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.12.018
Beech, J., Chadwick, S. (2004). The Business of Sport Management. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 6(1), 66–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-06-01-2004-b008
Best, A. R., Sibson R., & Morgan A. (2021). Technology adoption and use in not-for-profit sport: A case study of an Aus-tralian state sporting association. Managing Sport and Leisure. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2021.2020678
Bjärsholm, D., & Norberg, J. R. (2021). Swedish sport policy in an era of neoliberalism: An expression of social entrepre-neurship? Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 1−14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.715310
Christensen, C., McDonald, R., Altman, E., & Palmer, J. (2018). Disruptive innovation: An intellectual history and direc-tions for future research. Journal of Management Studies, 55(7), 1043-1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12349
Corthouts, J., Thibaut, E., Breuer, C., Feiler, S., James, M., Llopis-Goig, R., Perenyi, S., & Scheerder, J. (2019). Social inclusion in sports clubs across Europe: Determinants of social innovation. Innovation the European Journal of Social Science Research, 33, 21−51. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2019.1637247
Corthouts, J., Winand, M., & Scheerder, J. (2021). A three-dimensional model of innovation within Flemish non-profit sports organizations. European Sport Management Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1936115
EASM. (2022). European Association for Sport Management. Recuperado de: http://www.easm.net
E-draft. (2022). “Strategy of youth state policy of RA for 2021-2025”, Unified website for publication of legal acts’drafts. Recuperado de: https://www.e-draft.am/ru/projects/3268
Ehnold, P., Faß, E., Steinbach, D., & Schlesinger, T. (2020). Digitalization in organized sport – usage of digital instruments in voluntary sports clubs depending on club's goals and organizational capacity. Sport, Business and Management: An Inter-national Journal, 11(1), 28−53. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-10-2019-0081
Escamilla-Fajardo, P., Núñez-Pomar, J., Ratten, V., & Hervàs, J. (2020). Entrepreneurship and innovation in soccer: Web of science bibliometric analysis. Sustainability, 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114499
Eurostat. (2022). Your key to European statistics. September 15, 2022. Recuperado de: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/home
Frevel, N., Beidebeck, D., & Schmidt, S.L. (2022). The impact of technology on sports - A prospective study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, paper 121838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121838
Gerke, A., Luzzini, D., & Mena, C. (2021). Innovation configurations in sport clusters: The role of interorganizational citizenship and social capital. Journal of Business Research, 133, 409-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.064
Gipson, C., Bennett, H., Malcom, N., & Trahan, A. (2021). Social innovation and fitness sports: A case of the CrossFit movement in north America. In: Social Innovation in Sport. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, (pp. 189-205). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63765-1_10
Glibo, I., Misener, L., & Koenigstorfer, J. (2022). Strategic sustainable development in international sport organisations: A Delphi study. Sustainability, 14(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169874
Goebeler, L., Standaert, W., & Xiao, X. (2021). Hybrid sport configurations: The intertwining of the physical and the digital. In: Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Virtual, United States, (pp. 5841-5850), https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2021.708
Lenneis, V., & Tjønndal, A. (2021). Footbag freestyle: Innovation in the organization and practice of sport. In: Social Innovation in Sport, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, (pp. 169-188). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63765-1_9
Moustakas, L., & Işık, A. (2020). Sport and sustainable development in Botswana: towards policy coherence. Discover Sus-tainability, 1(5), 1−12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-020-00005-8
Moustakas, L., & Tshube, T. (2020). Sport policy in Botswana. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 12(4), 731−745. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2020.1832556
Moustakas, L., Kalina, L. (2021). Sport and social entrepreneurship in Germany: exploring athlete perspectives on an emerging field. World Journal of Entrepreneurship Management and Sustainable Development, Ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-06-2020-0069.
Moustakas, L., Kalina, L., Sánchez-Pato, A., Conde, E., & Ege, H. (2022). Entrepreneurship, education, and athletes: entre-preneurship within European dual career programmers. In: Strategic Innovation. Contributions to Management Science, Springer, Cham, (pp. 77-88). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87112-3_6
Næss, H. E., & Tickell, S. (2019). Fan engagement in motorsports: A case of the FIA world rally championship. Journal of Media Innovations, 5(1), 31−44. https://doi.org/10.5617/jomi.6289
Næss, H., & Tjønndal, A. (2021). Managing social innovation in sport. In: Innovation, Sustainability and Management in Mo-torsports, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, (pp. 81-101). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74221-8_5.
Niebles Nuñez, W. A., Sanabria Navarro, J. R., & Silveira Pérez, Y. (2023). Análisis sistémico del contexto mundial de gestión deportiva: aportes significativos de la revista retos (Systemic analysis of the world context of sports manage-ment: significant contributions of the retos review). Retos, 48, 481–493. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.96951
Nilssen, M., & Tjønndal, A. (2021). Social innovation, sport and urban planning. In: Social Innovation in Sport, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, (pp. 95−111). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63765-1_6.
Peterson, T., & Schenker, K. (2018). A definition of sport and social entrepreneurship. Sport and Social Entrepreneurship in Sweden, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, (pp. 41−60). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72496-6_4
Pichot, L., Pierre, J., & Burlot, F. (2009). Management practices in companies through sport. Management Decision, 47(1), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740910929759
Piggott, L., Tjønndal, A., & Hovden, J. (2022). Leadership and gender inclusion in esports organisations. In: Social Issues in Esports (1st ed.), (pp. 19-22). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003258650-6.
Putri, R., & Moustakas, L. (2022). Sport entrepreneurship in Indonesia. In: Entrepreneurial Innovation. Studies on Entrepre-neurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics. Springer, Singapore, (pp. 89−96). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4795-6_8
Ratten, V. (2011). International sports management: Current trends and future developments. Thunderbird International Business Review, 53(6), 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20444
SAGE. (2022). Learn to conduct research from start to finish. September 15, 2022. Recuperado de: https://methods.sagepub.com
Sanabria Navarro, J. R., Silveira Pérez, Y., Guillen Pereira, L., & Cortina Núñez, M. de J. (2023). Revisión bibliométrica sistemática de la gestión del entrenamiento deportivo . Retos, 47, 78–86. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.95274
Shchokin, R., Oliinyk, V., Bondarenko, O., Kyslenko, D., Kolos, O., & Tymoshenko, Y. (2023). La gestión deportiva en el contexto de la responsabilidad penal por corrupción (Sport management in the context of criminal liability for corruption). Retos, 48, 708–719. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.96768
STATISTA. (2022). Trending statistics. September 15, 2022. Recuperado de: https://www.statista.com
Svensson, P. G., & Mahoney, T. Q. (2020). Intraorganizational conditions for social innovation in sport for development and peace. Managing Sport and Leisure, 25(3), 220-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1727358.
Svensson, P. G., Andersson, F. O., Mahoney, T. Q., & Ha, J.-P. (2019). Antecedents and outcomes of social innovation: A global study of sport for development and peace organizations. Sport Management Review, 23(4), pp. 657-670, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.08.001.
Tjønndal, A. (2017). Sport innovation: developing a typology. European Journal for Sport and Society, 14(4), 291−310. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2017.1421504
Tjønndal, A., & Skauge, M. (2021). Youth Sport 2.0? The development of eSports in Norway from 2016 to 2019. Qualitia-tive Research in Sport, 13(1), 166−183. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2020.1836509
Vrontis, D., Viassone, M., Serravalle, F., & Christofi, M. (2019). Managing technological innovation in the sports industry: a challenge for retail management. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 30(1), 78−100. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-11--2019-0127
Yuksel, M., Smith, A., & Milne, G. (2021). Fantasy sports and beyond: Complementary digital experiences (CDXs) as innovations for enhancing fan experience. Journal of Business Research, 134, 143-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.037
Zawadzki, K. M. (2022). Social perception of technological innovations at sports facilities: justification for financing ‘white elephants’ from public sources? The case of Euro 2012 stadiums in Poland. Innovation The European Journal of Social Sci-ence Research, 35(2), 346−366. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2021.1937070
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
