Análisis de las pruebas de aptitud-acceso a los cuerpos de Bomberos de Estructura: tipos de pruebas y rol del sexo (Analysis of employment standards of firefighters: types of tests and role of sex)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.96408

Palabras clave:

Diferencias de sexo, valoración, condición física, rendimiento físico, estándares laborales, bomberos

Resumen

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el tipo de pruebas físicas de selección utilizadas en diferentes convocatorias nacionales de acceso al servicio de Salvamento y Extinción de Incendios y describir las diferencias aplicadas en las marcas mínimas exigidas en función del sexo de los aspirantes. Para ello, se estudiaron 49 convocatorias de acceso a nivel nacional entre los años 2011-2020. Las pruebas físicas de las convocatorias fueron clasificadas en función de su carácter: genéricas (evaluación de las capacidades físicas básicas) o específicas (evaluación de los requerimientos laborales). Además, la diferencia entre las marcas exigidas a las mujeres y los hombres fue calculada en cada una de las pruebas. El 85.7% de las convocatorias realizaron algún tipo de diferenciación por sexo en el apto, el 8.2% no realizaron diferenciación y el 6.1% no aplicaron ninguna diferenciación en el apto, pero si en el baremo. En todas las convocatorias hubo alguna prueba de selección genérica, y en el 57.1% únicamente se realizaron pruebas genéricas. La diferencia media entre las marcas exigidas a los hombres y las mujeres fue del 17.6 ± 7.9%. El valor medio de las diferencias por sexo en las pruebas específicas fue del 18.3 ± 8.4%. En conclusión, las pruebas   de selección más utilizadas fueron las genéricas, existiendo una gran heterogeneidad tanto en las pruebas utilizadas como en los baremos aplicados. Aunque en la mayoría de las convocatorias se estableció algún tipo de diferenciación por sexo, no parece existir una homogeneidad de criterios para su establecimiento.

Palabras clave: diferencias de sexo, valoración, condición física, rendimiento físico, estándares laborales, bomberos

Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the type of physical selection tests used in different national calls for access to structural firefighters service and to describe the sex differences applied in the cut-score of the applicants. For this, 49 national calls between the years 2011-2020 were studied. The physical tests of the calls were classified according to their nature: generic (physical fitness assessment) or specific (work requirements assessment). In addition, the difference between the cut-score required of women and man in each of the tests was calculated. 85.7% of the calls made some type of differentiation by sex in the pass, 8.2% did not make a differentiation and 6.1% did not apply any differentiation in the pass but in the scale. In all calls there was some generic selection test, and in 57.1% only generic tests were performed. The mean difference between the marks required for men and women was 17.6 ± 7.9%. The mean value of the differences by sex in the specific tests was 18.3 ± 8.4%. In conclusion, the most used tests in the firefighters’ selection processes were the generic ones. There was a great heterogeneity both in the tests used and in the scales applied. Although in most of the calls some type of differentiation by sex was established, there does not seem to be a homogeneity of criteria for its establishment.

Key words: sex difference, assessment, physical fitness, performance, physical employment standards, firefighters

Citas

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2023-06-28

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García-Heras , F., Gutiérrez-Arroyo, J. ., Carballo-Leyenda, B., Rodríguez-Medina  , J. ., & Rodríguez- Marroyo, J. A. (2023). Análisis de las pruebas de aptitud-acceso a los cuerpos de Bomberos de Estructura: tipos de pruebas y rol del sexo (Analysis of employment standards of firefighters: types of tests and role of sex). Retos, 49, 586–594. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.96408

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas