Experiencia profesional y formación académica de profesionales del ejercicio: relación entre presiones laborales y necesidades psicológicas básicas en el contexto laboral (Professional experience and academic training of exercise professionals: relationship between job pressures and basic psychological needs in the work context)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.95899Palabras clave:
teoría de la autodeterminación, presiones laborales, identidad profesional, motivación, fitnessResumen
La importancia del sector fitness en la provisión de oportunidades para la promoción del ejercicio se basa en profesionales calificados y competentes responsables de la dinámica de prescripción y motivación del ejercicio. A partir de la teoría de la autodeterminación, este estudio examinó la interacción entre las presiones laborales percibidas y la motivación en los profesionales del fitness. Se recopilaron datos de 366 profesionales del ejercicio (172 mujeres), utilizando un diseño transversal. Los cuestionarios que evalúan la Presión Laboral Percibida (organizacional, interna y de los clientes) y la Satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (BPNS) se completaron en línea. Se utilizó análisis correlacional y de regresión para probar el modelo hipotético. Los resultados no demuestran asociación entre las calificaciones profesionales y los niveles de presión en BPNS. Sin embargo, es importante resaltar que los niveles de presión desde arriba (organizacional) se asociaron negativamente con la satisfacción del BPNS (autonomía, competencia y relación positiva). Más años de experiencia se asociaron con valores de presión más bajos y más satisfacción de competencia. En cuanto al género, las presiones y su relación en BPNS, los hombres tienen mayor satisfaccion del BPNS. Las presiones organizacionales se asociaron negativamente con la satisfacción del BPNS en los profesionales. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones teóricas y aplicadas: los líderes de equipo deben ser conscientes del impacto negativo de la presión organizacional y sus asociaciones negativas con la satisfacción de necesidades. Desarrollar equipos con profesionales más jóvenes y experimentados con un adecuado reconocimiento y compensación debe buscarse como una estrategia integradora, que transmita seguridad y confianza en el futuro del sector del fitness.
Palabras clave: motivación del instructor de fitness; teoría de la autodeterminación; presiones laborales; identidad profesional.
Abstract. The importance of the fitness sector in providing opportunities for exercise promotion is based on qualified, competent professionals responsible for the dynamics of exercise prescription and motivation. Drawing from self-determination theory, this study examined the interplay between perceived job pressures and motivation in fitness professionals. Data was collected from 366 exercise professionals (172 women), using a cross-sectional design. Questionnaires assessing Perceived Job Pressure (organizational; internal and clients) and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction (BPNS) were completed online. Correlational and regression analysis was used to test the hypothesized model. The results demonstrate no association between professional qualifications and pressure levels in BPNS. However, it is important to highlight that the levels of pressure from above (organizational) were negatively associated with the satisfaction of the total BPNS (autonomy, competence, and positive relationship). More years of experience were associated with lower pressure values and more satisfaction of competence. Regarding gender, pressures, and their relationship in BPNS, men have higher score in BPNS. Organizational pressures were negatively associated with the satisfaction of total BPNS in professionals. Findings have theoretical and applied implications: team leaders must be aware of the negative impact of organizational pressure and its negative associations with needs satisfaction. Developing teams with younger and experienced professionals with adequate recognition and compensation should be sought as an inclusive strategy, conveying security and trust in the future of the fitness sector.
Keywords: fitness instructor motivation; self-determination theory; job pressures; exercise professional identity.
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