Actividad física y composición corporal en una comunidad quilombola del estado de Tocantins (Brasil) (Physical activity and body composition in a Quilombola community in the Tocantins state (Brazil))
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.95812Palabras clave:
Exercise, Body Composition, Vulnerable, Public HealthResumen
La población Quilombola tiene condiciones de vida precarias y riesgo de obesidad. Además, esta población ha sido poco estudiada en el área de la salud, resultando en un vacío de evidencia científica y falta de políticas de promoción, protección y restauración de la salud en el estado de Tocantins. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el Nivel de Actividad Física (PAL) y la composición corporal de una comunidad Quilombola en el estado de Tocantins, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Estudiamos 73 individuos entre 10 y 81 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Cuestionario sobre PAL y comportamiento sedentario y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. La composición corporal se evaluó mediante bioimpedancia. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el software Stata versión 11.0. Resultados: No se encontraron individuos sedentarios. Entre los niños menores de 13 años, el 47,8% tenía un PAL bajo. La composición corporal, niños y adolescentes obtuvieron mejores resultados 65,3% y 31,6% respectivamente. Conclusión: Los índices de grasa corporal de los niños están dentro de las recomendaciones (pero el PAL no lo está). La PAL de adolescentes, adultos y ancianos no es suficiente para provocar adaptaciones fisiológicas en los niveles cambiantes de grasa corporal. Aunque la comunidad Quilombola mantiene algunos hábitos culturales, las complicaciones de la vida moderna en materia de salud son preocupantes, ya que parecen estar llegando a estas comunidades, lo que lleva a un cambio de estilo de vida, como se observa en las grandes ciudades.
Palabras clave: Ejercicio; Composición corporal; Vulnerable; Salud pública.
Abstract. The Quilombola population has precarious living conditions and a risk of obesity. In addition, this population has been little studied in the health area, resulting in a gap in scientific evidence and a lack of policies to promote, protect, and restore health in Tocantins state. Objective: This study aimed to describe the Physical Activity Level (PAL) and body composition of a Quilombola community in the Tocantins state, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study. We study 73 individuals between 10 and 81 years old. The instruments used were: Questionnaire on PAL and sedentary behavior and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance. The statistics analysis was performed using Stata software version 11.0. Results: Sedentary individuals were not found. Among children under 13 years old, 47.8% had a low PAL. The body composition, children and adolescents obtained better results 65.3% and 31.6% respectively. Conclusion: The children’s body fat indexes are within the recommendations (but the PAL is not). PAL of adolescents, adults, and the elderly is not sufficient to cause physiological adaptations in changing body fat levels. Although the Quilombola community maintains some cultural habits, complications of modern life regarding health are concerning, as they seem to be reaching these communities, leading to a lifestyle change, as observed in large cities.
Keywords: Exercise; Body Composition; Vulnerable; Public Health.
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