Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en lesiones de tobillo en futbolistas: una revisión sistemática (Effects of strength training on ankle injuries in soccer players: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.95794Palabras clave:
Sports, Ankle Sprains, Athletic Injuries, Resistance Training, IncidenceResumen
Propósito: El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue (I) determinar la calidad de la evidencia de los estudios que evalúan los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la incidencia de lesiones de tobillo en el fútbol y (II) determinar la efectividad del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la incidencia de las lesiones de tobillo en el fútbol. Métodos: Se consideraron las declaraciones Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) utilizando palabras clave asociadas con lesiones de tobillo, entrenamiento de fuerza y fútbol. Se utilizaron las siguientes cuatro bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y SPORTDiscus. La calidad de la evidencia de los artículos incluidos en esta revisión se evaluó mediante la escala PEDro. Resultados: De los 721 artículos recuperados, dos fueron incluidos en este estudio. La población total incluida en la revisión fue de 132 participantes masculinos, incluidos jugadores de fútbol profesionales y jugadores juveniles. El entrenamiento de fuerza en jóvenes futbolistas podría reducir el riesgo de lesión y mejorar parámetros relacionados con el rendimiento deportivo; sin embargo, los dos artículos incluidos en esta revisión no encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la incidencia de lesiones entre los grupos de entrenamiento propioceptivo y control. Conclusiones: Los artículos incluidos en esta revisión tuvieron un alto riesgo de sesgo, lo que indica baja calidad de la evidencia. Además, fue imposible determinar si el entrenamiento de fuerza reducía efectivamente las lesiones de tobillo en los jugadores de fútbol.
Palabras clave: Deportes, esguinces de tobillo, lesiones deportivas, entrenamiento de fuerza.
Abstract. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was (I) to determine the quality of evidence from studies evaluating the effects of strength training on the incidence of ankle injuries in soccer and (II) to determine the effectiveness of strength training on the incidence of ankle injuries in soccer. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statements were considered using keywords associated with ankle injuries, strength training, and soccer. The following four databases were used: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. The quality of evidence for the articles included in this review was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Of the 721 articles retrieved, two were included in this study. The total population included in the review was 132 male participants, including professional soccer players and youth players. Strength training in young soccer players could reduce the risk of injury and improve parameters related to sports performance; however, the two articles included in this review found no statistically significant differences in injury incidence between the proprioceptive training and control groups. Conclusions: The articles included in this review had a high risk of bias, indicating low quality of evidence. In addition, it was impossible to determine whether strength training effectively reduced ankle injuries in the soccer players.
Keywords: Sports, ankle sprains, athletic injuries, resistance training
Citas
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