Factores que influyen en la excelencia deportiva: un estudio centrado en atletas brasileños con medallas olímpicas(Factors influencing sport excellence: a study focused on Brazilian athletes olympic medal winners)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.95730Palabras clave:
determinantes, desarrollo del atleta, élite, historias de vida, juegos olímpicos.Resumen
Los estudios en el campo de la excelencia deportiva desarrollados en una perspectiva multidimensional son aún escasos. Las investigaciones realizadas hasta la fecha se han centrado más en el análisis aislado de factores concretos que contribuyen a la excelencia. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores que los atletas brasileños de excelencia consideran más importantes en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la excelencia. Usando Historias de Vida, 9 atletas brasileños, que ganaron medallas en los Juegos Olímpicos de 2012 y 2016, fueron encuestados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y los datos obtenidos fueron analizados a través del análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron que los atletas valoran un conjunto de factores personales, designados como principales factores de influencia, enfatizando los atributos psicológicos. También identificaron factores ambientales que ejercen una influencia secundaria, con especial énfasis en la familia, los entrenadores, el apoyo económico y la escuela. Los datos obtenidos también permiten reconocer la necesidad de interacción e interconexión entre estos factores de influencia primaria y secundaria como algo determinante para el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la excelencia en el deporte.
Palabras clave: Palabras determinantes, desarrollo del atleta, élite, historias de vida, juegos olímpicos.
Abstract. Studies in the field of sports excellence developed in a multidimensional perspective are still scarce. Previous research has focused more on the isolated analysis of specific factors that contribute to excellence. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the factors that expert Olympic Brazilian athletes consider most important in the development and maintenance of excellence. Using life stories, 9 Brazilian athletes, who won medals in the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games, were surveyed through semi-structured interviews and the data was analyzed through content analysis. The results showed that athletes value a set of personal factors, designated as primary influencing factors, emphasizing psychological attributes. They also identified environmental factors that exert a secondary influence, with particular emphasis on family, coaches, financial support and school. The data obtained also allow us to recognize the need for interaction and interconnection between these factors of primary and secondary influence as something decisive for the development and maintenance of excellence in sport.
Keywords: determinants, athlete development, elite, life stories, olympic games.
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