Diferencias en la percepción del clima motivacional de los jugadores de minibasket atendiendo a los resul-tados de los partidos. Estudio piloto en iniciación deportiva (Differences in the perception of mini-basketball players’ motivational climate according to the games’ re-sults. A pilot study in youth sport)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.94290

Palabras clave:

pedagogía del deporte, motivación, baloncesto, iniciación deportiva, contextos de enseñanza-aprendizaje

Resumen

Según la teoría de las Metas de Logro, el clima motivacional juega un papel importante para que los jugadores tengan experiencias positivas durante la actividad física. El objetivo de este estudio piloto fue examinar si los jugadores de minibasket tuvieron diferentes percepciones sobre su clima motivacional en función del resultado del partido. Se trata de un estudio piloto, que siguió la metodología selectiva para investigar la relación entre ganar o perder y el clima motivacional. Se recogieron los datos al final de cada uno de los 30 partidos durante 10 jornadas. Participaron 72 jugadores de minibasket (Medad = 9.96; DT = 1.52) pertenecientes a seis equipos masculinos. Los jugadores completaron el cuestionario Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 al finalizar los partidos. Se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que no se encontró asociación entre el clima motivacional orientado a la tarea y el resultado del partido. Sin embargo, los jugadores de los equipos que ganaron reportaron mayores valores de ego. En este sentido, los resultados de este estudio reflejan que la comparación social se asoció con una mayor orientación al ego. Este trabajo sugiere una formación continuada en los entrenadores para favorecer el clima motivacional orientado a la tarea en sus jugadores a través de diferentes estrategias.

Palabras clave: formación deportiva; educación deportiva; motivación; baloncesto

Abstract. According to the Achievement Goals Theory, the motivational climate plays an important role for players to have positive experiences during physical activity. The present pilot study aimed to examine whether the mini-basketball players had different perceptions of their motivational climate depending on the game outcome. It is a pilot study that followed the selective methodology to investigate the relationship between winning and losing and the motivational climate. Participants were 72 mini-basketball players aged 8-11 years (Myears = 9.96, SD = 1.52) from six masculine teams. Data were collected during one mini-basketball season, in which players completed the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 after each of the 10 game days. Lineal regression analysis was performed. The results showed no association between a task-oriented motivational climate and game outcome. However, it was found that players from teams that won reported higher ego values. Accordingly, the results of this study reflect that social comparison was associated with greater ego orientation. This work suggests continuous training of coaches to foster a task-oriented motivational climate in their players through different strategies.

Keywords: sports training; sports education; basketball; motivation

Citas

Alesi, M., Gómez-López, M., Chicau, C., Monteiro, D., & Granero-Gallegos, A. (2019). Effects of a motivational climate on psychological needs satisfaction, motivation and commitment in teen handball players. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152702

Almagro, B. J., Sáenz-López, P., Moreno-Murcia, J. A., & Spray, C. (2015). Motivational factors in young Spanish ath-letes: A qualitative focus drawing from self-determination theory and achievement goal perspectives. The Sport Psycholo-gist, 29(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2013-0045

Ames, C. (1992). Achievement goals, motivational climate, and motivational processes. En G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 161-176). Human Kinetics.

AMM (2000, octubre). Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM. Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/

Balaguer, I., Guivernau, M., Duda, J., & Crespo, M. (1997). Análisis de la validez de constructo y de la validez predictiva del cuestionario de clima motivacional percibido en el deporte (PCMSQ-2) con tenistas españoles de competición. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 6(1), 41-58. https://archives.rpd-online.com/article/download/123/123-123-1-PB.PDF

Boixadós, M., Cruz, J., Torregrosa, M., & Valiente, L. (2004). Relationships among motivational climate, satisfaction, perceived ability, and fair play attitudes in young soccer players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(4), 301-317. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490517977

Boyd, M., Kim, M. S., Ensari, N., & Yin, Z. (2014). Perceived motivational team climate in relation to task and social cohe-sion among male college athletes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44(2), 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.1221

Breiger, J., Cumming, S. P., Smith, R. E., & Smoll, F. (2015). Winning, motivational climate, and young athletes' competi-tive experiences: Some notable sex differences. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 10(2), 395-411. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.2-3.395

Castro-Sánchez, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Chacón-Cuberos, R., & Lózano-Sánchez, A. M. (2019). Clima motivacional y niveles de ansiedad en futbolistas de categorías inferiores. Retos, 35, 164-169. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.63308

Chu, T. L., Zhang, X., Lee, J., & Zhang, T. (2021). Perceived coach-created environment directly predicts high school athletes’ physical activity during sport. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(1), 70-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120959733

Cordo-Cabal, L., Gómez-López, M., Granero-Gallegos, A., & Sánchez-Alcaraz, B. J. (2019). Relación del clima motiva-cional generado por el entrenador y las causas del éxito en jugadores de deportes de equipo. Influencia del género, la edad y la experiencia deportiva. Journal of Sport & Health Research, 11(2), 139-150.

Cumming, S. P., Smoll, F. L., Smith, R. E., & Grossbard, J. R. (2007). Is winning everything? The relative contributions of motivational climate and won-lost percentage in youth sports. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(3), 322-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200701342640

Curran, T., Hill, A. P., Hall, H. K., & Jowett, G. E. (2015). Relationships between the coach-created motivational climate and athlete engagement in youth sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 37(2), 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2014-0203

Davies, M. J., Babkes Stellino, M., Nichols, B. A., & Coleman, L. M. (2016). Other initiated motivational climate and youth hockey players’ good and poor sport behaviors. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28, 78-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2015.1071297

Delrue, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Mouratidis, A., Gevaert, K., Vande Broek, G., & Haerens, L. (2017). A game-to-game investigation of the relation between need-supportive and need-thwarting coaching and moral behavior in soccer. Psy-chology of Sport and Exercise, 31, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.03.010

DiFiori, J. P., Güllich, A., Brenner, J. S., Côté, J., Hainline, B., Ryan, E., & Malina, R. M. (2018). The NBA and youth basketball: Recommendations for promoting a healthy and positive experience. Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2053-2065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0950-0

Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41(10), 1040-1048. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.10.1040

Fenton, Sally A.M.; Duda, Joan L.; Appleton, Paul R.; Barrett, Timothy G. (2017). Empowering youth sport environments: Implications for daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiposity. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6, 423-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.03.006

Galatti, L. R., Côté, J., Reverdito, R. S., Allan, V., Seoane, A. M., & Paes, R. R. (2016). Fostering elite athlete develop-ment and recreational sport participation: xsuccessful club environment. Motricidade, 12(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.6099

García, T., Cervelló, E., Jiménez, R., Iglesias, D., & Santos-Rosa, F. J. (2005). La implicación motivacional de jugadores jóvenes de fútbol y su relación con el estado de flow y la satisfacción en competición. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 14(1), 21-42.

García, T., Santos-Rosa, F. J., Castuera, R., & Cervelló, E. M. (2005). El clima motivacional en las clases de Educación Física: Una aproximación práctica desde la Teoría de Metas de Logro. Apunts: Educación Física y Deportes, 81, 21-28.

García-González, L., Méndez-Giménez, A., Fernández-Río, J., & Sevil-Serrano, J. (2021). Los climas motivacionales en Educación Física: Estrategias para desarrollar un clima tarea y evitar un clima ego. En L. García-González, (Coord.), Cómo motivar en Educación Física: Aplicaciones prácticas para el profesorado desde la evidencia científica (pp. 59-75). Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Zaragoza.

García-González, L., Sevil-Serrano, J., Abós, A., Aelterman, N., & Haerens, L. (2019). The role of task and ego-oriented climate in explaining students’ bright and dark motivational experiences in Physical Education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(4), 344-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1592145

Gjesdal, S., Stenling, A., Solstad, B. E., & Ommundsen, Y. (2019). A study of coach-team perceptual distance concerning the coach-created motivational climate in youth sport. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine y Science in Sports, 29(1), 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13306

Harwood, C. G., Keegan, R. J., Smith, J. M., & Raine, A. S. (2015). A systematic review of the intrapersonal correlates of motivational climate perceptions in sport and physical activity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 18, 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.11.005

Harwood, C. G., & Thrower, S. N. (2020). Motivational climate in youth sport groups. En The power of groups in youth sport (pp. 145-163). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816336-8.00009-3

Horn, T. S. (2008). Coaching effectiveness in the sport domain. En T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (pp. 239-267). Human Kinetics.

Kliethermes, S. A., Nagle, K., Côté, J., Malina, R. M., Faigenbaum, A., Watson, A., Feely, B., Marshall, S. W., LaBella, C. R., Herman, D. C., Tenforde, A., Beutler, A., & Jayanthi, N. (2020). Impact of youth sports specialisation on career and task-specific athletic performance: a systematic review following the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) Collaborative Research Network’s 2019 Youth Early Sport Specialisation Summit. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(4), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101365

Logan, K., Cuff, S., & Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness. (2019). Organized sports for children, preadolescents, and adolescents. Pediatrics, 143(6), e20190997. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0997

Miller, B. W., Roberts, G. C., & Ommundsen, Y. (2004). Effect of motivational climate on sportspersonship among com-petitive youth male and female football players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 14(3), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00320.x

Morales-Belando, M. T., Côté, J., & Arias-Estero, J. L. (en prensa). A longitudinal examination of the influence of winning or losing with motivational climate as a mediator on enjoyment, perceived competence, and intention to be physically active in youth basketball. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.2006620

Newton, M., Duda, J. L., & Yin, Z. (2000). Examination of the psychometric properties of the perceived motivational cli-mate in sport questionnaire - 2 in a sample of female athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(4), 275-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404100365018

Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Harvard University Press.

Sánchez, M., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Carcedo, R. J., & García, J. A. (2020). Clima, orientación motivacional y diversión en futbolistas alevines. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, 20(79), 507-520. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2020.79.008

Roberts, G. C. (2001). Understanding the dynamics of motivation in physical activity: The influence of achievement goals on motivational processes. En G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 1-50). Human Kine-tics.

Ruiz, M. C., Haapanen, S., Tolvanen, A., Robazza, C., & Duda, J. L. (2017). Predicting athletes’ functional and dysfunc-tional emotions: The role of the motivational climate and motivation regulations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(16), 1598-1606. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1225975

Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2009). Motivational climate and changes in young athletes’ achievement goal orientations. Motivation and Emotion, 33, 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-009-9126-4

Torregrosa, M., Viladrich, C., Ramis, Y., Azócar, F., Latinjak, A. T., & Cruz, J. (2011). Efectos en la percepción del clima motivacional generado por los entrenadores y compañeros sobre la diversión y el compromiso. Diferencias en función de género. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20(1), 243-255.

Urdan, T., & Kaplan, A. (2020). The origins, evolution, and future directions of achievement goal theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101862

Van Puyenbroeck, S., Stouten, J., & Vande Broek, G. (2018). Can losing teams cope with destructive voice behaviour? The role of game results and athletes’ perceived motivational climate. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(7), 819-826. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1528656

Vazou, S. (2010). Variations in the perceptions of peer and coach motivational climate. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81(2), 199-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2010.10599667

Visek, A. J., Achrati, S. M., Mannix, H. M., McDonnell, K., Harris, B. S., & DiPietro, L. (2015). The fun integration theo-ry: Toward sustaining children and adolescents sport participation. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 12(3), 424-433. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2013-0180

Wall, J. M., Pradhan, K., Baugh, L. M., Beauchamp, M. R., Marshall, S. K., & Young, R. A. (2020). Navigating early specialization sport: Parent and athlete goal-directed processes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 9(3), 371-389. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000187

Descargas

Publicado

2023-03-31

Cómo citar

Morales-Belando, M. T., Cánovas-López, M., & Arias-Estero, J. L. (2023). Diferencias en la percepción del clima motivacional de los jugadores de minibasket atendiendo a los resul-tados de los partidos. Estudio piloto en iniciación deportiva (Differences in the perception of mini-basketball players’ motivational climate according to the games’ re-sults. A pilot study in youth sport). Retos, 48, 550–555. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.94290

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas