Efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 sobre os aspectos psíquicos e comportamentais de atletas: uma revisão sistemática  (Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the psychic and behavioral aspects of athletes: a systematic review)

João Gabriel  Miranda de Oliveira; Gabrielle Barcelos  Candido de Oliveira; Henri  Ribeiro de Lima; Rodrigo  Gomes de Souza Vale; Vicente  Pinheiro Lima; Dirceu  Ribeiro Nogueira da Gama

doi:10.47197/retos.v46.94222

Autores/as

João Gabriel Miranda de Oliveira Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Gabrielle Barcelos Candido de Oliveira Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2412-6858
Henri Ribeiro de Lima Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6564-8041
Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-8773
Vicente Pinheiro Lima Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7534-265X
Dirceu Ribeiro Nogueira da Gama Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-650X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94222

Palabras clave:

Covid-19, pandemia, deportistas, cambios emocionales, comportamiento.

Resumen

La Pandemia del Covid-19 ha provocado la suspensión de varias actividades deportivas de alto rendimiento en todo el mundo. Se estima que la obstrucción de los entrenamientos, competencias y contratos laborales de los atletas ha generado incertidumbres e inseguridades respecto al futuro de sus carreras. El objetivo de la presente revisión es entonces analizar los efectos de la Pandemia en las dimensiones psíquica y conductual de los deportistas de alto rendimiento. Las bases de datos utilizadas para la revisión fueron PubMed, VHL, Scopus y Web of Science. Se encontraron un total de 1.116 artículos, de los cuales 33 fueron seleccionados mediante el enfoque PRISMA. La calidad de los artículos se obtuvo aplicando la escala CASP. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: 1) los síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, miedo, mal humor, insomnio, trastornos alimentarios, falta de optimismo y falta de motivación para entrenar afectaron a los atletas; 2) la demografía, la edad, el sexo, el tiempo de práctica y las condiciones alternativas de entrenamiento influyeron en el comportamiento y el contenido emocional de los atletas durante la pandemia; 3) el apoyo social, la resiliencia y la inteligencia emocional demostraron ser elementos de atenuación de emociones y conductas negativas. Se concluye que la pandemia de Covid-19 puede ser un predictor negativo en las reacciones conductuales y psíquicas de los deportistas de alto rendimiento y estos efectos están influenciados por la edad, el género, el tipo de modalidad y la calidad de los programas alternativos de entrenamiento propuestos.
Palabras clave: Covid-19, pandemia, deportistas, cambios emocionales, comportamiento.

Abstract: The Covid-19 Pandemic has caused several high-performance sports activities to be suspended around the world. It is estimated that the obstruction of athletes' training, competitions and employment contracts have generated uncertainties and insecurities regarding the future of their careers. The objective of the present review is then to analyze the effects of the Pandemic on the psychic and behavioral dimensions of income athletes. The databases used for the review were PubMed, VHL, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 1,116 articles were found, of which 33 were selected using the PRISMA approach. The quality of the articles was obtained by applying the CASP scale. The following results were obtained: 1) symptoms of anxiety, depression, fear, bad mood, insomnia, eating disorders, lack of optimism and lack of motivation to train affected the athletes; 2) demographic, age, gender, practice time and alternative training conditions influenced athletes' behaviors and emotional content during the pandemic; 3) social support, resilience and emotional intelligence proved to be elements of attenuation of negative emotions and behaviors. It is concluded that the Covid-19 pandemic can be a negative predictor in the behavioral and psychic reactions of high performance athletes and these effects are influenced by age, gender, type of modality and the quality of the alternative training programs proposed.

Key words: Covid-19, pandemic, athletes, emotional changes, behavior.

Citas

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Efectos de la pandemia de Covid-19 en los aspectos psíquicos y conductuales de los deportistas: una revisión sistemática (Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the psychic and behavioral aspects of athletes: a systematic review)

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