Factores que determinan la consecución del rendimiento en el fútbol de élite: Orientación cualitativa con jugadores y jugadoras profesionales (Factors that determine the achievement of performance in elite football: Qualitative orientation with professional players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.92961Palabras clave:
competición, deporte, entrevistas, factores de rendimiento, investigación cualitativaResumen
El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los factores más determinantes en el fútbol profesional que hacen posible una mejora en el rendimiento del equipo al finalizar la temporada. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 28 jugadores/as profesionales de fútbol (15 hombres y 13 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 27-41 años (M = 33.07, DT = 3.32). Todos ellos tenían experiencia profesional en la primera y segunda división española. El análisis temático de los datos se completó de manera deductiva e inductiva. Los resultados mostraron la complejidad existente dentro de un club de fútbol, con una notable importancia sobre la cohesión de equipo y sobre la figura del entrenador y cuerpo técnico para la mejora colectiva en ambos géneros. En cuanto al género, las jugadoras le dieron más importancia al staff técnico y los jugadores al tener en el equipo a deportistas con una buena calidad técnico-táctica. La relevancia de estos hallazgos radica en el conocimiento de los factores e interacciones potenciadoras y limitantes del rendimiento percibido por los jugadores/as en el fútbol profesional, así como las diferencias entre géneros. Este conocimiento podría ayudar a mejorar la gestión de grupos deportivos para potenciar el rendimiento de los equipos.
Abstract. The aim of this study was identify the most determining factors in professional football that make possible an improvement in team performance at the end of the season. Structured interviews were conducted with 28 professional soccer players (15 men and 13 women), aged 27-41 years (M = 33.07, SD = 3.32). All of them had professional experience in the first and second Spanish leagues. The thematic analysis of the data was completed deductively and inductively. The results showed the existing complexity within a soccer club, with notable importance on team cohesion and the figure of the coach and coaching staff for collective improvement in both genders. Regarding gender, female players provided more importance to the technical staff, whereas male players increased their value for having technical and tactical skilled teammates within the squad. The relevance of these findings lies in the knowledge of factors and interactions that enhance and limit performance perceived by players in professional football and the differences between genders. This knowledge could help improve the management of a sports group and the training planning, to enhance the teams' performance.
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