Afrontamiento y factores resilientes en tiempos de COVID-19: Un estudio con adolescentes boxeadores (Coping and resilient factors in times of COVID-19: A study with adolescent boxers)

Autores/as

  • Diana Korinna Zazueta-Beltrán Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Sinaloa, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2771-935X
  • Minerva Vanegas-Farfano Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Organización Deportiva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-3062
  • Luis Felipe Reynoso-Sánchez Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Sinaloa, Méxicoo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-5105
  • Roxana Abril Morales-Beltrán Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Sinaloa, Méxicoo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-1276
  • Luis Tomás Rodenas Cuenca Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Organización Deportiva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-220X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92337

Palabras clave:

COVID-19, deportes de combate, adaptabilidad, estrés, estrategias de afrontamiento., (COVID-19, combat sports, adaptability, stress, coping strategies)

Resumen

 

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores resilientes, explorando las vivencias estresantes en el ámbito deportivo, así como el proceso de adaptación ante la pandemia por el COVID-19 en boxeadores adolescentes. Se desarrolló un estudio mixto de diseño secuencial DEXPLIS con 36 boxeadores (78% hombres y 22% mujeres) con rango de edad entre 14 y 18 años (M =16.14 ±1.37). Desde el enfoque cuantitativo se aplicaron los cuestionarios: Escala de Resiliencia en el Contexto Deportivo, Escala de Estrés Percibido, e Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento; Respecto al enfoque cualitativo se aplicó una entrevista ad hoc. Se analizó la fiabilidad, medias, desviación estándar, complementándose por medio del análisis temático. Los resultados (Cuan-Cual) indican que los factores resilientes (Competencia Personal y Aceptación de Sí Mismo y de la Vida) se ubican a un nivel medio, resaltando cualidades como la autoconfianza, persistencia y focalización. El estrés percibido relacionado a la vida deportiva (situación de competencia) de los participantes se situó en un nivel medio. Se observó una tendencia al afrontamiento desadaptativo como respuestas evitativas, pensamientos negativos y dificultad para la autorregulación emocional. Mientras se identificó la reestructuración cognitiva en nivel medio y expresión emocional en nivel bajo respecto al afrontamiento adaptativo. Por último, manifestaron dificultades para sobrellevar la situación de la pandemia. En conclusión, los boxeadores han experimentado psicológicamente el cambio de vida derivado de la pandemia, implicando un desafío para la psicología del deporte que deberá desarrollar propuestas de intervención encaminadas a fomentar la adaptabilidad a través de la resiliencia en estos momentos de crisis global y para el retorno a la normalidad. 

Abstract. The aim of the research was to analyze the resilient factors, exploring the stressful experiences in the sports context, as well as the adaptation process due to the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescent boxers. A mixed method study with DEXPLIS sequential design was developed in a sample of 36 boxers (78% men and 22% women), with age range between 14 and 18 years (M = 16.14 ± 1.37). From the quantitative approach, the following questionnaires were applied: Resilience Scale in the Sports Context, Perceived Stress Scale, and Inventory of Coping Strategies; Regarding the qualitative approach, an ad hoc interview was applied. Reliability, means, and standard deviation were analyzed, complemented with thematic analysis. The results (Quan-Qual) show moderate level for resilience factors (Personal Competence and Acceptance of Self and Life), highlighting qualities such as self-confidence, persistence, and focus. The perceived stress related to the sport life of the athletes (competitive situation) were located at a moderate level. A tendency to maladaptive coping was identified such as avoidance responses, negative thoughts, and difficulty for emotional self-regulation. While cognitive restructuring was identified at a medium level and emotional expression at a low level with respect to adaptive coping. Finally, they expressed difficulties in coping with the pandemic situation. In conclusion, boxers have psychologically experienced the change in life derived from the pandemic, meaning a challenge for sport psychology that must develop intervention proposals aimed at promoting adaptability through resilience in these moments of global crisis and for the future. return to normal.

Citas

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2022-06-21

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Zazueta-Beltrán, D. K., Vanegas-Farfano, M., Reynoso-Sánchez, L. F., Morales-Beltrán, R. A., & Rodenas Cuenca, L. T. (2022). Afrontamiento y factores resilientes en tiempos de COVID-19: Un estudio con adolescentes boxeadores (Coping and resilient factors in times of COVID-19: A study with adolescent boxers). Retos, 45, 660–670. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92337

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