La influencia de las prácticas deportivas en la composición corporal, la maduración y la absorción máxima de oxígeno en niños y jóvenes (The Influence of Sport Practices on Body Composition, Maturation and Maximum Oxygen uptake in children and youth)

Autores/as

  • Cristiana Mercê Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, CIPER, Faculdade do Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5146-6597
  • Marco Branco Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, CIPER, Faculdade do Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-1069
  • Mário Rodrigues-Ferreira Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Comportamento Motor, CIEQV, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-9001
  • António VencesBrito Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Comportamento Motor, CIEQV, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal; International Martial Arts and Combat Sports Scientific Society, IMACSSS, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-8559
  • David Catela Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Comportamento Motor, CIEQV, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0759-8343
  • Ana Paula Seabra Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-2881
  • Vítor Milheiro Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-6137
  • Wojciech Cynarski International Martial Arts and Combat Sports Scientific Society, IMACSSS, Poland; Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-5456

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.90968

Palabras clave:

Masa magra, maduración, VO2max, Karate, Natación, No practicantes, (Lean mass, maturation, VO2max, Karate, Swimming, Non-practitioners)

Resumen

La práctica deportiva sistemática a edades más tempranas influye positivamente en la composición corporal y la absorción máxima de oxígeno (VO2max). Por otro lado, su influencia en la maduración aún no es consensuada, y algunos estudios afirman un efecto negativo. Pocos estudios se han acercado a las diferencias en esta influencia según las distintas prácticas deportivas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar y comparar la influencia de las prácticas de kárate y natación, y la no práctica de deportes, sobre la composición corporal, el VO2máx y la maduración en niños y jóvenes. Los datos fueron recolectados en 126 jóvenes, 54 atletas de kárate, 36 atletas de natación y 36 participantes sin práctica deportiva (M = 11.56 ± 2.06 años). El tipo de práctica deportiva influyó de manera diferente en la composición corporal y el VO2max, no se verificó influencia negativa en la maduración. En general, las prácticas deportivas revelaron una influencia positiva en la composición corporal de niños y jóvenes. La práctica del karate proporcionó una masa grasa corporal significativamente más baja y una masa magra más alta en los hombres. Los atletas de natación revelaron un VO2max significativamente más alto en comparación con todos los demás grupos, mientras que el karate no difirió del grupo sin práctica. La diferente influencia de las prácticas deportivas verificada resaltó la importancia de un desarrollo multilateral de la niñez y la juventud a través de la práctica de varios deportes.

Abstract: Systematic sport practice at younger ages positively influences body composition and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). On the other hand, its influence on maturation is still not consensual, and some studies claim a negative effect. Few studies have approached the differences in this influence according to different sport practices. The present study aims to analyse and compare the influence of karate and swimming practices, and the non-practice of sports, on body composition, VO2max and maturation in children and youth. Data were collected in 126 youth, 54 karate athletes, 36 swimming athletes and 36 participants with no sport practice (M=11.56±2.06 years). The type of sport practice had a different influence on body composition and VO2max, no negative influence was verified on maturation. In general, the sport practices revealed a positive influence in children and youth’s body composition. The karate practice provided significant lower body fat mass and higher lean mass in males. Swimming athletes revealed a significant higher VO2max compared to all other groups, while karate didn´t differed from no-practice group. The different influence of sport practices verified highlighted the importance of a multilateral development of children and youth by practising several sports. 

Biografía del autor/a

Cristiana Mercê, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, CIPER, Faculdade do Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal

Assistant Professor in Sport Science School of Rio Maior

PhD student in Human Kinetic, speciality of Motor Behavior, in Faculty Human Kinetics - University of Lisbon; Master in Physical Activity for Special Populations by Science School of Rio Maior - Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (ESDRM-IPS), graduated in 2017; Bachelor in Sports Sciences - Fitness and Health by ESDRM-IPS, graduated in 2014. Assistant Professor in ESDRM-IPS and superior exercise technique in gymnasium since 2014. Research interests in motor development, developmental coordination disorder, motor learning, learning how to cycle, motor control, balance and postural control. Member in the Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (Laboratory of Motor Behavior) and in Research Unit-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém - (Scientific Subarea of Applied Psychology). Best Bachelor Student Award of ESDRM, Best Master Student Award of ESDRM. E-mail: cristianamerce@esdrm.ipsantarem.pt.

Marco Branco, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, CIPER, Faculdade do Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal

Adjunct Professor in Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior. He as a Bachelor and Master degree in Sport Sciences and a PhD in Human Motricity by Faculty Human Kinetics of University of Lisbon, since 2016. As adjunct professor is responsible for the curricular units of Motor Control and Learning and Exercise Biomechanics in bachelor and master courses in sport sciences. He is a vice-coordinator of the master degree course in Physical Activity and Health, and is researcher of the Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology) of University of Lisbon. He has supervised doctoral and master's theses in the areas of biomechanics and motor behaviour. E-mail: marcobranco@esdrm.ipsantarem.pt.

Mário Rodrigues-Ferreira, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Comportamento Motor, CIEQV, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal

Invited Adjunct Professor in Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém. He obtained the PhD in Sport Sciences from the University of Madeira, in 2014. Professor at the Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, since 2013. His research focuses on motor control and learning, neuromuscular function and sport physiology. Researcher of the Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV) and a member of the Research Unit of the Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (UIIPS).  E-mail: marioarferreira@esdrm.ipsantarem.pt.

António VencesBrito, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Comportamento Motor, CIEQV, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal; International Martial Arts and Combat Sports Scientific Society, IMACSSS, Poland

Full Professor in Sport Science School of Rio Maior

He was born in 1961 in Portugal. Postgraduate in Sports Law by Autónoma Academy – Autónoma University; PhD in Human Kinetics - Motricity Sciences; MSc in High Performance Training; BSc in Sport Sciences by Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon; BSc in Radiology by School of Technology of the Health of Lisbon; Specialist Degree in Karate Coach Education conferred by IPSantarém, IPCoimbra and IPViseu. Professor of Anatomophysiology. Researcher of the Life Quality Research Centre. Member of the International Martial Arts and Combat Sports Scientific Society and co-coordinator of the division of kinesiology. His research focuses on neural control and coordination of the muscle’s activity; Sport Physiology; Sports Law. Author and co-author of books and papers and reviewer of several scientific journals. Shotokan karate practitioner since 1974. Teacher on coach formation in the National Karate Federation – Portugal. Karate trainer/master of the Sportive Association - Portuguese Center of Karate and the Karate Association of the Setubal District. Member of the Idokan Poland Association – Karate division. E-mail: abrito@esdrm.ipsantarem.pt.

David Catela, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Comportamento Motor, CIEQV, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal

Associate Professor in Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior & Education Sciences Scholl of Santarém. He has Baccalaureate and Licentiate in Physical Education, a MSc in Child Development – Motor Development and a PhD in Human Motricity by Faculty Human Kinetics of University of Lisbon, since 2007. Is responsible for the curricular units of Motor Development, Applied Psychophysiology to Fitness, Sport Anthropology, and Motricity in courses in sport and education sciences. He is coordinator of the Motor Behavior section of the Research Centre of of Quality of Life (CIEQV) and of the scientific area of Applied Psychology of the Research Unit of the Polytechnique Institute of Santarém. He has supervised doctoral and master's theses in the areas of motor development, motor learning and motor control. Current interests: children’ developmental coordination disorder, sport selection, elementary school’ handwriting problems, infants’ instrument use, breathing techniques in special populations, kindergarten’ playfulness. E-mail: catela@esdrm.ipsantarem.pt; david.catela@ese.ipsantarem.pt.

Ana Paula Seabra, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal

Adjunct Professor in Sport Science School of Rio Maior

She has Baccalaureate and Licentiate in Physical Education, and a MSc in Child Development – Motor Development by the Faculty Human Kinetics of University of Lisbon, graduated in 2004. Research interests in anthropometry and motor development. Member of the Motor Behavior section of the Research Centre of Quality of Life (CIEQV) and of the scientific area of Applied Psychology of the Research Unit of the Polytechnique Institute of Santarém. Current interests: physical growth, maturation, sport selection, infants’ instrument use. E-mail: apseabra@esdrm.ipsantarem.pt.

Vítor Milheiro, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Avenida Doutor Mário Soares nº110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal

Degree in Physical Education (1984) and Master Degree in Sports Sciences (1990) conferred by Human Motricity by Faculty Human Kinetics of University of Lisbon; Specialist Degree in Athletics Coach Education (2013) conferred by Polytechnic Institute of Santarém; Adjunct Professor in Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior; Teacher of Biomechanics, athletics and nature sports (canoeing, mountain bike); Vice-coordinator of Degree of Nature Sport and Active Tourism; Member in Research Unit-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém; Research interests in biomechanics, athletics, canoeing and cycling. E-mail: vmilheiro@esdrm.ipsantarem.pt.

Wojciech Cynarski, International Martial Arts and Combat Sports Scientific Society, IMACSSS, Poland; Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Poland

Full Professor of physical culture sciences, and sociologist. Head of a Chair of Social-Cultural Foundations of PE and Sport. International trainer and master-teacher of high degree in karate and jujutsu. President of IPA (Idokan Poland Association) and IMACSSS. Research topics: theory of fighting art, holistic approach, training and educational process, and martial arts tourism. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-5456. E-mail: ela_cyn@wp.pl.

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Publicado

2022-04-01

Cómo citar

Mercê, C., Branco, M., Rodrigues-Ferreira, M., VencesBrito, A., Catela, D., Seabra, A. P., Milheiro, V., & Cynarski, W. (2022). La influencia de las prácticas deportivas en la composición corporal, la maduración y la absorción máxima de oxígeno en niños y jóvenes (The Influence of Sport Practices on Body Composition, Maturation and Maximum Oxygen uptake in children and youth). Retos, 44, 649–658. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.90968

Número

Vol. 44 (2022)

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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Derechos de autor 2021 Cristiana Mercê, Marco Branco, Mário Rodrigues-Ferreira, António VencesBrito, David Catela, Ana Paula Seabra, Vítor Milheiro, Wojciech Cynarski

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