Propósitos de la Educación Física en Educación Secundaria: revisión bibliográfica (Purposes of Physical Education in Secondary Education: a bibliographic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.80843Palabras clave:
Educación Física, objetivos, finalidades, educación secundaria, currículo, (adolescents; curriculum; goal; motor education; purposes; objectives)Resumen
El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue llevar a cabo una revisión de la literatura para conocer cuáles son los objetivos y finalidades de la asignatura de Educación Física (EF) en el currículo escolar de Educación Secundaria. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática a través del proceso PRISMA desde el año 2014 hasta mayo del 2020 (inclusive) en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC y SPORTDiscus, empleando los términos “physical education”, “purpose OR role” y “high school”. Se seleccionaron un total de 38 artículos que cumplen todos los requisitos requeridos para su inclusión. Los artículos para la revisión fueron seleccionados bajo los criterios: (a) escritos en español, inglés o portugués; (b) publicados en una peer-reviewed journal; (c) que incluyesen como participantes a alumnado entre 12 y 16 años, profesorado o progenitores. Los resultados mostraron que en la mayoría de los estudios el principal objetivo de la EF era la categoría referida a la promoción de estilos de vida saludable (20); también se encontraron un buen número de estudios relacionados con la promoción del gusto por las actividades físicas (10) y del aprendizaje relacionado con la salud y el deporte (9). Las categorías con menos presencia fueron la promoción de la aptitud física (5), fines educativos generales (5) y promover la catarsis (3). La aplicación de los conocimientos actuales en la formación inicial y continua de los docentes, además de los currículos educativos, permitiría alinear la práctica con los modelos ecológicos que promueven estilos de vida saludables y activos.
Abstract. This paper aimed to carry out a literature review about the objectives and purposes of physical education (PE) in the school curricula of secondary educationIt was conducted a systematic review process using the PRISMA protocol from 2014 to May 2020 (included) in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC and SPORTDiscus, using the terms “physical education”, “purpose OR role” and “high school”. As a result, a total of 38 items were selected that met all the requirements for inclusion. The articles for the review were selected under the criteria: (a) written in Spanish, English, or Portuguese (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal (c) to include students between 12 and 16 years old, teachers or parents as participants. The results showed how most of the studies propose the category referred to the promotion of healthy lifestyles as the main objective of PE (20); there were also several studies related to the promotion of the like for physical activities (10) and promotion of health and sport-related learning (9). as well as the integral formation of the individual through PE, inside the general education aims category. The categories with less presence were the promotion of physical fitness (5), the general education aims (5) and category of promoting catharsis (3). The application of current knowledge in the initial and in-service training of teachers, in addition to educational curricula, would make it possible to align practice with ecological models that promote healthy and active lifestyles.
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