Efectos del entrenamiento físico al aire libre sobre el VO₂max, la resistencia y la potencia en estudiantes masculinos de Ciencias del Deporte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.111265Palabras clave:
Potencia explosiva de las piernas, resistencia muscular, entrenamiento físico al aire libre, condición física, estudiantes universitarios, VO2máxResumen
Antecedentes: La aptitud física es un componente clave de la salud en general, particularmente para los estudiantes de programas de educación física. El entrenamiento físico al aire libre ha sido explorado como un medio para mejorar componentes específicos de la aptitud física, como el VO2max, la resistencia muscular y la potencia explosiva de las piernas. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre su efectividad sigue siendo limitada, especialmente en áreas como la potencia de las piernas. Objetivo:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento físico al aire libre de 8 semanas sobre el VO2max, la resistencia muscular de los brazos, la resistencia abdominal y la potencia muscular de las piernas en estudiantes de primer año. Materiales y métodos: Se empleó un diseño preexperimental de grupo único con medidas pre y post intervención. Treinta y tres estudiantes de primer año del programa de Educación Física, Salud y Recreación de la Universidad Bung Hatta fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo intencional. La aptitud física se evaluó antes y después de la intervención mediante las siguientes pruebas: VO2max mediante la prueba de bleep, resistencia de los brazos con la prueba de flexiones de 1 minuto, resistencia abdominal con la prueba de abdominales de 1 minuto y potencia de piernas con la prueba de salto largo en el lugar. Los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas t de muestras relacionadas, utilizando Microsoft Excel y SPSS versión 25. Resultados: Se observaron mejoras significativas en el VO2max (t = -9.077, p < .001), la resistencia de los brazos (t = -8.433, p < 0.001) y la resistencia abdominal (t = -6.571, p < .001). Sin embargo, no se encontró un cambio significativo en la potencia muscular de las piernas (t = 0.924, p = 0.362). Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico al aire libre mejora eficazmente el VO2max y la resistencia muscular. Sin embargo, puede requerir una duración más larga o una mayor intensidad para mejorar la potencia explosiva de las piernas. Se recomienda realizar ajustes adicionales al programa de entrenamiento para optimizar las mejoras en la aptitud física en general.
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